Pewarisan sifat warna bunga, ukuran polong dan bobot polong pada persilangan buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) kultivar Rich Green dengan Flo

PINILIH, Joko, Prof.Dr.Ir. Sri Kuntjiyati Haryono

2004 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Persilangan antara kultivar Rich Green yang mempunyai hasil tinggi dan kultivar FLO yang mempunyai hasil rendah telah dilakukan di Wonogiri , Jawa Tengah dan Lembang, Jawa Barat sejak bulan September 2001 sampai bulan November 2003. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pewarisan sifat warna bunga, panjang polong , diameter polong dan bobot polong. Parameter yang diamati adalah warna bunga, panjang polong, diameter polong dan bobot polong. Penelitian dilakukan tiga tahap : (1). Pembentukan F1 yaitu persilangan antara Rich Green (P1) dengan FLO (P2) dan persilangan resiproknya (F1r). (2). Pembentukan F2 yaitu dari F1 yang diselfing, pembentukan BC11 yang merupakan persilangan antara F1 dengan P1 dan pembentukan BC12 yaitu persilangan dari F1 dengan P2. (3). Evaluasi P1, P2, F1, F2, BC11 dan BC12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat warna bunga diwariskan secara kualitatif, dikendalikan oleh 1 gen yang bekerja secara dominan penuh. Pola segregasi keturunan F2 mengikuti pola 3 :1. Sifat panjang polong diwariskan secara kuantitatif, dikendalikan oleh banyak gen (poligenik). Nilai duga heritabilitasnya tergolong tinggi dan nilai duga kemajuan genetiknya cukup tinggi. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi aditif x dominan. Sifat diameter polong diwariskan secara kuantitatif, dikendalikan oleh banyak gen (poligenik). Nilai duga heritabilitasnya tergolong sedang dan nilai duga kemajuan genetiknya termasuk rendah. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi aditif x aditif dan aditif x dominan. Sifat bobot polong diwariskan secara kuantitatif, dikendalikan oleh banyak gen (poligenik). Nilai duga heritabilitasnya tergolong sedang dan nilai duga kemajuan genetiknya termasuk rendah. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi aditif x aditif dominan x dominan maupun aditif x dominan. Tidak terdapat pengaruh tetua betina dalam pewarisan sifat warna bunga, panjang polong, diameter polong dan bobot polong. Sifat warna bunga, panjang polong, diameter polong dan bobot polong dikendalikan oleh gen-gen di dalam inti.

Crossing between a high yielding Rich Green Cultivar and the FLO cultivar having low yield has been done at Wonogiri , Central Java and at Lembang, West Java since September 2001 to November 2003. The objective of research was to study the inheritance of pod weight, pod length , pod diameter and flower colour. Parameters observed were flower colour, pod length, pod diameter and pod weight. The research was done in three stages : (1). Establisment of F1 from crossing between Rich Green (P1) with FLO (P2) and its reciprocal crossing (F1r). (2). Establisment F2 from selfing of F1. BC11 was made from crossing between F1 with P1 and BC12 was made between crossing F1 and P2. (3). Evaluation of P1, P2, F1, F1r,F2, BC11 dan BC12. Result of the research showed that flower colour character was inherited qualitatively, it was controlled by 1 gene. F2 progeni segregated in a ratio of 3 :1. Pod length character was inherited quantitatively , it was controlled by many genes. The heritability estimate of pod length character was categorized of high and the expected genetic advance was rather high. There were interaction of aditive x dominant. Pod dimeter character was inherited quantitatively , it was controlled by many genes. The heritability estimate of pod diameter character was categorized of medium and expected genetic advance was low. There were interaction of aditive x aditive and aditive x dominant. Pod weight character was inherited quantitatively, it was controlled by many genes. The heritability estimate of pod weight character was categorized of medium and the expected genetic advance was low. There were interaction of the aditive x aditive, aditive x dominant and dominant x dominant. There was no mathernal effect in inheritance of the flower colour, pod length, pod diameter and pod weight. The characters of flower colour, pod length, pod diameter and pod weight were controlled by the nuclear genes.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman Buncis,Persilangan,Kultivar Rich Green dan Flo