Ajaran Tarekat Wahidiyah dalam Perspektif Tasawuf Al-Ghazali

MUH. SYAJA'AHTU HIDAYATULLAH, Drs. Farid Mustofa, S.Ag., M.Hum.; Dr. Arqom Kuswanjono

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU FILSAFAT

Tasawuf menjadi ilmu yang mengajarkan tentang dimensi esoterik dalam Islam. Salah satu tokoh dalam tasawuf yang masyhur adalah Al-Ghazali dengan konsep tasawufnya yang khas mengenai tazkiyatun nafs, zikir dan kontemplasi, ilmu dan amal dengan corak akhlaki. Tasawuf seiring waktu berkembang menjadi sebuah kelompok yang disebut sebagai tarekat. Salah satu tarekat yang berkembang adalah tarekat Wahidiyah yang lahir di Indonesia. Tarekat ini memiliki ajaran khas yang belum dieksplorasi secara mendalam dengan suatu konsep tasawuf. Penggalian dengan perspektif Al-Ghazali digunakan karena adanya persamaan makna.

Metode yang digunakan dalam mengeksplorasi penelitian ini adalah dengan studi literatur. Dari berbagai literatur mengenai Tarekat Wahidiyah dan konsep Tasawuf Al-Ghazali, kemudian dianalisis dan dideskripsikan Tarekat Wahidiyah dengan pandangan tasawuf Al-Ghazali. Analisis dan deskripsi tersebut mencakup konsep ajaran pokok Tarekat Wahidiyah berupa lillah-billah, lirrosul-birosul, lilghouts-bilghouts, yuktikulladzi haqqi haqqo, taqdimul aham fal-aham, tangisan dalam mujahadah, tasyafu’, istighroq dengan pendekatan tasawuf Al-Ghazali berupa tazkiyatun nafs, zikir dan kontemplasi, serta ilmu dan amal.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep tasawuf Al-Ghazali memandang Tarekat Wahidiyah selaras dengan konsepnya. Keselarasan ini terlihat dari pemaknaan ajaran Tarekat Wahidiyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai dari konsep tasawuf Al-Ghazali. Keselarasan ini terlihat pada konsep tazkiyatun nafs dengan maqamat dan ahwal-nya, zikir dan kontemplasi, juga pada integrasi antara ilmu dan amal. Dapat dikatakan pandangan Al-Ghazali mengenai Tarekat Wahidiyah memiliki kesamaan dengan konsep tasawuf miliknya.

Sufism has became a concept that taught about the esoteric dimensions of Islam. One of the notable figures in Sufism was Al-Ghazali, known with his distinctive concept of Sufism that emphasized tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul), dhikr (remembrance of God), contemplation, knowledge, and action with an characteristic ethical conduction. Over time, Sufism evolved into groups known as order. One of the groups of order that developed was the Wahidiyah Order, which originated in Indonesia. This order has unique doctrine that has not been deeply explored within the framework of Sufism. The exploration utilized Al-Ghazali's perspective due to the shared meanings.

The method used in this research was literature study. Various literatures on the Wahidiyah Order and Al-Ghazali's Sufism concepts were analyzed and described, examining the Wahidiyah order through the lens of Al-Ghazali's Sufism. The analysis and description covered the core doctrines of the Wahidiyah Order, such as lillah-billah, lirrasul-birrasul, lilghaots-bilghaots, yuktikulladzee haqqee haqqaa, taqdimul aham fal-aham, tears in mujahadah cries, tasyafoo’, and estighraq, explained by Al-Ghazali's Sufism approach of tazkiyatun nafs, dhikr and contemplation, as well as knowledge and practice.

The research results showed that Al-Ghazali's Sufism concept acknowledged the Wahidiyah Order aligned with the concepts. This alignment was evident from the doctrines of Wahidiyah Order interpretation, which contained values from Al-Ghazali's Sufism concepts. This alignment was visible in the concepts of tazkiyatun nafs n with its own maqamat and ahwal, dhikr and contemplation, as well as the integration of knowledge and practice. It could be said that through Al-Ghazali's perspective of the Wahidiyah Order possessed similarities to its own Sufism concepts

Kata Kunci : Ajaran, Tarekat, Wahidiyah, Tasawuf, Al-Ghazali