Hubungan Antara Status Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Ibu Hamil Dengan Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah, Defek Enamel Dan Waktu Erupsi Gigi Sulung

Nadia Putri Palupi, drg. Rosa Amalia, M.Kes., Ph.D; Dr. drg. Bambang Priyono, S.U

2024 | Tesis | S2 Kedokteran Gigi

Pendahuluan: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil yang tidak baik dapat berakibat pada rendahnya asupan nutrisi serta potensi translokasi bakteri dari mulut ke janin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil dengan BBLR, defek enamel dan waktu erupsi gigi sulung.

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan dengan subyek penelitian ibu dan anak berpasangan dengan riwayat BBLR. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Ngawen dan Semin, Gunungkidul pada Mei 2024 dengan menggunakan Total Populasi yaitu sebanyak 51 pasang ibu dan anak. Subyek penelitian ini adalah anak dengan usia 6-24 bulan, usia ibu ketika hamil 20-35 tahun. Kriteria eksklusi penelitian ini adalah persalinan kembar, ibu yang merokok atau mengkonsumsi alkohol serta memiliki penyakit komorbid dan rekam medis hilang. Data status kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil diperoleh melalui rekam medis. Data BBLR diperoleh melalui rekam medis anak. Pemeriksaan klinis dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data defek enamel dan waktu erupsi gigi sulung.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil uji dengan SEM-PLS menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil dengan BBLR (p=0,0001), defek enamel (p=0,0001) dan waktu erupsi gigi sulung (p=0,0001). 

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil dengan BBLR, defek enamel dan waktu erupsi gigi sulung.

Introduction: Poor oral health results in low nutrient intake and potentially cause bacterial translocation from oral to fetal. This study aims to determine the relationship between the oral health status of pregnant women and low birth weight (LBW), enamel defects, and the eruption time of primary teeth.

Research Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with subjects consisting of mother-child pairs with a history of LBW. The study was carried out in Ngawen and Semin sub-districts, Gunungkidul, in May 2024 used total population approach totaling 51 pairs mothers and their children. The study subjects were children aged 6-24 months; mothers aged 20-35 years during pregnancy. Exclusions were made for twin births, mothers who smoked or consumed alcohol, and those with comorbid diseases or missing medical records. Data were collected through secondary medical records and direct examinations. Data on the oral health status of pregnant women were obtained through medical records. Data on low birth weight (LBW) were obtained through children's medical records. Clinical examinations were conducted to obtain data on enamel defects and the eruption time of primary teeth.

Results: The SEM-PLS test results showed a significant relationship between the oral health status of pregnant women and LBW (p=0.0001), enamel defects (p=0.0001), and the eruption time (p=0.0001). 

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the oral health status of pregnant women and LBW, enamel defects, and the eruption time of primary teeth.

Kata Kunci : Status Kesehatan Gigi Ibu Hamil, BBLR, Defek Enamel, Waktu Erupsi Gigi Sulung/ Maternal Oral Health Status, LBW, Enamel Defect, Primary Teeth Eruption