Analisis potensi sumberdaya pakan untuk pabrik pakan ternak sapi potong di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

RUSWENDI, Prof.Dr.Ir. Krishna Agung Santosa, MSc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan bahan pakan sapi potong di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Sampel yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data primer pada tiga kecamatan yang mewakili zona wilayah utara, tengah dan selatan, tiap kecamatan dipilih dua desa dan masing-masing desa diambil responden sebanyak 20 orang petani peternak. Untuk mengetahui ketersediaan bahan pakan dan limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan ditentukan dengan mengalikan luas panen dan produktivitas bahan yang dinyatakan dalam kg bakan kering (BK), kg total digestible nutrient (TDN) dan kg protein kasar (PK) berdasarkan tabel komposisi pakan untuk Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui kecukupan ketersediaan bahan pakan bagi ternak sapi potong dihitung berdasarkan BK, PK dan TDN yang tersedia dibagi kebutuhan satuan unit ternak (UT). Faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan bahan pakan ternak dihitung berdasarkan analisis regresi, untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kebutuhan bahan pakan sesuai kebutuhan nutrisi ternak sapi potong dianalisis menggunakan teknik program linier (LP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan pakan yang tersedia adalah dedak padi, jerami padi, jerami jagung, jerami kacang tanah, jerami kedele, daun ketela pohon dengan ketersediaan BK, PK dan TDN pada musim kemarau (MK) sebesar 95.391,76 ton, 11.137,14 ton dan 47.269,96 ton, pada musim hujan (MH) sebesar 403.322,79 ton, 28.419,63 ton dan 171.099,53 ton. Ketersediaan bahan pakan ternak dari hasil ikutan dan limbah pertanian sangat dipengaruhi ( P<0,01 ) oleh musim, luas lahan pertanian, tenaga kerja dan letak wilayah bedasarkan keadaan topografi. Formulasi pakan ternak sapi potong yang didapat berupa pakan konsentrat dengan harga minimum Rp. 390,-/kg bahan segar ransum dengan kandungan PK 14%, TDN 60%, Ca 0,45%, P 0,33% dari BK yang tersusun dari dedak padi, gaplek, kulit singkong, bungkil kedele serta pakan komplit dengan harga minimum Rp. 423,35/kg bahan segar ransum dengan kandungan PK 12,82%, TDN 58,50%, Ca 0,45%, P 0,67% dari BK yang tersusun dari jerami padi, dedak padi, jerami kedele, tepung ikan, gaplek. Kapasitas produksi maksimum pabrik pakan ternak baru dapat memenuhi kebutuhan 1000 UT sapi potong di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, sehingga perlu pengembangan unit produksi pakan ternak sapi potong di daerah sentra produksi hasil ikutan dan limbah pertanian.

The aim of this research was to determine potencies and factors influencing the availability of beef cattle feedstuff in Gunungkidul Regency. Samples being used to obtain primary data were taken from three sub districts representing north, middle, and south zone. Two villages were chosen from each subdistrict and 20 respondents who were breeder-farmer were taken from each village. Availability of feedstuffs and agricultural byproduct that could be used as feedstuff for the province were determined by harvest area multiplied by the productivity in term of kg dry matter (DM), kg total digestible nutrient (TDN), and kg crude protein (CP) based on the table of feed composition for Indonesia. Feedstuff availability for beef cattle was determined based on DM, CP, and TDN that were available devided by requirement of animal unit (AU). Factors influencing the availability of feedstuff were depicted using regression analysis. Concentrate and coplete feed ration were formulated using linear program technique. The result of this research showed that feedstuffs available were rice bran, rice straw, corn straw, peanut straw, soybean straw, and cassava leaves with availability of DM, CP, and TDN in dry season (DS) as much as 95,391.76, 11,137.14 and 47,269.96 ton, respectively. Availability during rainy season (RS) were as much as 403,322.79, 28,419.63 and 171,099.53 ton, repectively. Availability of feedstuff consisting agricultural byproduct by were influenced (P<.01) by season, farmland area, work force, and area location based on topography condition. Concentrate was determined with minimum price of Rp 390.-/kg on fresh matter ration with CP contents of 14%, TDN 60%, Ca 0.45%, P 0.33% based on DM, consisting of rice brand, dried cassava, peeling cassava and soybean meal white complete feed was determined with minimum price of Rp 306.35/kg on fresh matter ration with the contents of CP 12.82%, TDN 58.50%, Ca 0.45%, P 0.67% based on DM, consisting of rice straw, rice brand, soybean straw, fish meal and dried cassava. Capacity of maximum production of feedmill only could acomodate 1.000 AU beef cattle in Gunungkidul Regency. Therefore, the development production unit of beef cattle feed in center area of agricultural byproduct heap was necessary.

Kata Kunci : Pakan Ternak,Pabrik Pakan,Potensi, potential, feed resource, beef cattle feed, feedmill