Penilaian Penerimaan Program PMT Lokal: Uji Pilot Instrumen pada Ibu Balita di Kota Magelang

Nara Citarani, Prof. Dr. Susetyowati, DCN., M.Kes; Dr. drs. Abdul Wahab, MPH

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang. Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Lokal Balita dijalankan pada tahun 2023 di Kota Magelang, yang memiliki prevalensi balita wasting sebesar 10,08% pada tahun 2021. Penilaian penerimaan sasaran terhadap program ini belum pernah dilakukan. Terdapat kuesioner Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) untuk menilai penerimaan program kesehatan. Namun, kuesioner ini belum diadaptasi untuk konteks Indonesia. 

Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan adaptasi bahasa dan kultural terhadap kuesioner TFA dalam konteks Indonesia, serta mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen tersebut pada ibu balita penerima program PMT Lokal di Kota Magelang.

Metode. Desain penelitian adalah mix-method. Proses kualitatif meliputi penerjemahan maju, wawancara pakar, dan penerjemahan balik. Proses kuantitatif terdiri atas studi pendahuluan dan penilaian penerimaan program PMT Lokal. Penilaian program dilakukan dengan metode cross sectional dengan jumlah responden 88 orang.

Hasil. Kuesioner TFA versi Bahasa Indonesia memiliki validitas konten berdasarkan proses wawancara pakar. Kuesioner memenuhi reliabilitas internal (Cronbach’s ? > 0,7) dan reliabilitas test-retest (ICC > 0,5). Validitas konstruk hanya ditemukan pada tiga konstruk, yaitu sikap afektif, beban, dan biaya untuk mendapatkan peluang. Tidak ada korelasi antara penerimaan program PMT Lokal dengan perbedaan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB balita sebelum dan setelah program (p value > 0,05).

Kesimpulan. Kuesioner TFA versi Bahasa Indonesia valid dan reliabel. Namun, perlu diteliti lebih lanjut terkait validitas konstruk kuesioner ini dengan mengembangkan konstruk menjadi lebih dari satu item pertanyaan.

Background. The toddler Local Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT Lokal) was implemented in 2023 in Magelang City, which has a prevalence of wasted toddlers of 10.08% in 2021. Assessment of this program’s acceptability has never been carried out. There is a Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) questionnaire to assess the acceptability of health programs. However, this questionnaire has not been adapted for Indonesian context.

Purpose. The research aimed to carry out linguistic and cultural adaptations of the TFA questionnaire in the Indonesian context, as well as determine the validity and reliability of the instrument for mothers of toddlers receiving the PMT Lokal program in Magelang City.

Method. This was a mix-method study. Qualitative study including front translation, expert interviews, and back translation. Quantitative process including preliminary studies and assessment of PMT Lokal program’s acceptability. The assessment was carried out using a cross sectional method with a total of 88 respondents.

Result. Content validity of the Indonesian version of TFA questionnaire is achieved by expert opinion. The instrument has internal reliability (Cronbach’s ? > 0,7) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0,5). Construct validity found in only three construct, affective attitude, burden, and opportunity cost. There is no correlation found between PMT Lokal program’s acceptability and the difference of weight-for-length or weight-for-height index of the toddlers before and after program (p value > 0,05).

Conclusion. The Indonesian version of TFA questionnaire is valid and reliable. However, in the next study, it is necessary to re-test the construct validity of this questionnaire by developing each construct into more than one question.

Kata Kunci : penilaian penerimaan program, program PMT Lokal, konstruk, instrumen, ibu balita