Implementasi Strategi Pendampingan Majelis Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Sosial Pimpinan Wilayah Muhammadiyah DIY (MPKS PWM DIY) dan Dampaknya terhadap Keberdayaan Komunitas Jaya Musik Malioboro (JMM)
REYHANA RASHEL SAJIDA, Drs. Hendrie Adji Kusworo, M.Sc., Ph.D.
2024 | Skripsi | ILMU SOSIATRI
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat strategi pendampingan yang dilakukan MPKS PWM DIY, implementasi strategi pendampingan, serta dampaknya bagi keberdayaan Komunitas JMM. Penyandang disabilitas dengan keadaannya telah memiliki tantangan dan hambatan besar dalam mendapatkan akses informasi, kesehatan, transportasi, infrastruktur, hingga pekerjaan. Dalam konteks wilayah Yogyakarta, terdapat kelompok disabilitas yang semakin rentan karena hadirnya kebijakan pemerintah, yaitu Komunitas JMM. Kegiatan bermusik yang dilakukan di Malioboro terganggu akibat dari kebijakan relokasi pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di Malioboro yang tidak memberikan kejelasan informasi mengenai regulasi bermusik setelah itu. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, MPKS PWM DIY selaku organisasi berbasis keagamaan hadir dan berupaya membantu Komunitas JMM melalui implementasi strategi pendampingan agar komunitas tersebut mendapatkan hak dalam mencari nafkah kembali.
Analisis temuan penelitian ini menggunakan teori institusionalisme sosiologi untuk menjelaskan pendekatan pendampingan MPKS PWM DIY kepada Komunitas JMM melalui aspek sosiologis. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan konsep strategi pendampingan yang menjelaskan strategi pendampingan melalui empat cara, yakni pemungkinan atau fasilitasi, penguatan, perlindungan, dan pendukungan. Tak hanya itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori implementasi yang dapat membantu menjelaskan implementasi strategi pendampingan melalui enam indikator, yaitu standar dan sasaran kebijakan, sumber daya, komunikasi antar badan pelaksana, karakteristik agen pelaksana, kondisi sosial politik dan ekonomi, hingga sikap atau kecenderungan (disposisi) pelaksana. Terakhir, penelitian ini juga menggunakan konsep keberdayaan untuk mengukur keberhasilan implementasi strategi pendampingan melalui indikator kesejahteraan, akses, kesadaran kritis, partisipasi, dan kontrol.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah MPKS PWM DIY. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Informan terdiri dari delapan orang yang terdiri atas lima pengurus MPKS PWM DIY dan tiga anggota Komunitas JMM untuk triangulasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion, observasi, dokumentasi, serta studi pustaka. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi teknik dan sumber.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan MPKS PWM DIY kepada Komunitas JMM dilakukan melalui pendekatan institusionalisme sosiologis. Strategi pendampingan yang menonjol adalah pada bagian perlindungan, yakni melakukan akses pada sumber-sumber, pembelaan dalam audiensi, publikasi melalui media, meningkatkan hubungan masyarakat, dan memperkuat jaringan kerja. Sementara itu, kegiatan lain yang dilakukan guna mendukung proses perlindungan adalah memberikan inovasi, penyampaian informasi, pemberian pelatihan, analisis sosial melalui asesmen, dan penguatan komunikasi. Implementasi strategi pendampingan belum efektif karena belum memenuhi satu indikator, yakni kondisi sosial ekonomi dan politik. Dari adanya hambatan tersebut, dampak yang dihasilkan pun belum maksimal. Beberapa dampak yang dapat dilihat adalah peningkatan keterampilan melalui pelatihan, akses pengalaman baru, dan peningkatan partisipasi melalui keterampilan/sumber daya yang dimiliki. Dengan demikian, tujuan awal pendampingan MPKS PWM DIY kepada Komunitas JMM belum tercapai, tetapi MPKS PWM DIY memberikan jalan lain agar Komunitas JMM tetap dapat produktif dan mencari nafkah kembali.
This research aimed to see mentoring strategy carried out by MPKS PWM DIY, the implementation of the mentoring strategy, and its impact on the empowerment of JMM Community. People with disabilities had major challenges and obstacles in gaining access to information, health, transportation, infrastructure, and employment. In the context of Yogyakarta area, there were groups of people with disabilities who were increasingly vulnerable due to the presence of government policies, namely the JMM Community. The music activities carried out in Malioboro were disrupted by the relocation policy of street vendors (PKL) in Malioboro, which did not provide clear information about the regulation of music after that. With this problem, MPKS PWM DIY as a religious-based organization presented and tried to help the JMM Community through the implementation of mentoring strategies so that the community got the right to make a living again.
The analysis of the findings of this research used the theory of sociological institutionalism to explain MPKS PWM DIY's mentoring approach to the JMM Community through sociological aspects. This research also used the concept of mentoring strategies which explained mentoring strategies through four ways, namely enabling or facilitating, strengthening, protecting, and supporting. Furthermore, this research also uses implementation theory which could help to explain the implementation of mentoring strategies through six indicators, namely policy standards and objectives, resources, communication between implementing agencies, characteristics of implementing agents, socio-political and economic conditions, and attitudes or dispositions of implementers. Finally, this research also used the concept of empowerment to measure the successful implementation of the mentoring strategy through indicators of welfare, access, critical awareness, participation, and control.
This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The unit of analysis in this research was MPKS PWM DIY. The sample determination was carried out using purposive sampling method, where the informants consisted of eight people. They were five administrators of MPKS PWM DIY and three members of JMM Community for triangulation. Data collection techniques were conducted with in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, documentation, and literature study. Data validity test was conducted through triangulation of techniques and sources.
The results showed that MPKS PWM DIY assistance to JMM Community was carried out through a sociological institutionalism approach. The prominent assistance strategy was in the protection section, namely accessing sources, defense in hearings, publication through the media, improving public relations, and strengthening work networks. Meanwhile, other activities carried out to support the protection process were providing innovation, delivering information, providing training, social analysis through assessment, and strengthening communication. The implementation of the assistance strategy had not been effective because it had not met one indicator, namely socio-economic and political conditions. From the existence of these obstacles, the resulting impact had not been maximized. Some of the impacts that could be seen were increased skills through training, access to new experiences, and increased participation through their skills/resources. Thus, the initial goal of MPKS PWM DIY assistance to the JMM Community had not been achieved, but MPKS PWM DIY provided another way so that the JMM Community could still be productive and make a living again.
Kata Kunci : Strategi Pendampingan, Dampak Keberdayaan, Organisasi Berbasis Keagamaan, Komunitas Marginal, Relokasi PKL Malioboro
