Program pengembangan hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Rongkop dan Kecamatan Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul
MOEDJIJO, Prof.Dr. Mudiyono
2004 | Tesis | S2 SosiologiSesuai paradigma pembangunan yang berpusat pada manusia dengan derivasinya berupa pengelolaan sumber yang bertumpu komunitas, keberlanjutan program merupakan kunci sukses program mewujudkan kemampuan kelompok sasaran tumbuh atas kekuatannya sendiri dan mencukupi kebutuhannya sendiri dalam konteks pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pada beberapa program pembangunan, keberlanjutan program merupakan masalah serius yang sering dihadapi birokrasi pelaksana program. Setelah program selesai ternyata program tidak berlanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui mengapa keberlanjutan program hutan rakyat di Rongkop lebih tinggi daripada di Kecamatan Playen kabupaten Gunungkidul provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara mendalam dengan sampel kunci di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Rongkop dan Playen, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan program hutan rakyat adalah reorientasi birokrasi lokal, relevansi program, komunikasi, partisipasi kelompok sasaran. Tingkat Keberlanjutan program di Rongkop lebih tinggi daripada di Playen. Untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan program hutan rakyat disarankan : pertama, birokrasi lokal agar merubah orientasinya ke arah facilitator/enabler yang mampu memberdayakan dan mendukung kelompok sasaran tumbuh atas dasar kekuatannya sendiri. Birokrasi dituntut mampu memfasilitasi kepentingan dan kebutuhan kelompok sasaran, mampu menganalisis situasi masalah, dan mampu memberikan peluang kepada kelompok sasaran. Kedua, memberikan peluang kelompok sasaran aktif terlibat dalam program sejak perencanaan sampai pengawasan. Ketiga, partisipasi kelompok sasaran dipengaruhi relevansi program dengan kebutuhan kelompok sasaran. Program yang menyadari pentingnya input sumber daya yang diberikan kelompok sasaran dan program yang cocok dengan kondisi sosio kultural kelompok sasaran, tingkat partisipasi kelompok sasaran cenderung tinggi ke arah keberlanjutan program. Keempat, untuk meningkatkan partisipasi ke arah keberlanjutan program hutan rakyat diperlukan suatu model komunikasi partisipatif dan horisontal.
Sustainability of programme is the key to long term succes of a programme in terms of enhancing self sustaining capacity, self sufficient, self reliance of the target group in the context of sustainable development. The objectives of this study are to find out what’s the factors affecting the sustainability under private forest programme in Rongkop Sub District and Playen Sub District Gunungkidul District Yogyakarta Special Province. The method of study in this research is case study research with qualitative analysis. This study was performed by observing and interviewing the key persons related to private forest programme. Based on research gained from Rongkop and Playen, the factors affecting the long term of sustainability of private forest programme are the reorientation of local bureaucracy, the relevance of programme with target group’s needs, effective communication between the local community and local government officers working in the sub district (PKL) and participation of target group. The important overriding criterion of sustainability are the replicability both in the project area and other areas and the continuity of flow of benefits after the project finished. In reality, the degree of sustainability of programme varies from one area to the other. The degree of sustainability of programme in Rongkop is higher than in Playen. In order to improve it’s sustainability of programme with the above mentioned it is recomended that: Firstly, the reorientation of Local Bureaucracy can be improved if it is able to be a facilitator/enabler. A major challenge over coming decades is bureaucratic reorientation including a change from enterpreneur and service provider to facilitator/enabler and a shift in responsiveness from orders from above to demands from below. Secondly, the participation of peasant group is a prerequisite for the realization of the sustainability of private forest programme. Lack of real and lasting people participation is often a cause for programme failure in the term sustainability. Thirdly, the people participation is affected by the relevance of programme with the target group’s needs. Only if target group’s needs and priorities are put first can true support and participation be secured, and without this there can be no long the sustainability of private forest programme. Fourthly, in order to get significant people participation in programme, it also needs participatory and horizontal communication.
Kata Kunci : Keberlanjutan, Program Pengembangan Hutan Rakyat, Sustainability, Social Forestry Programme
