Prestasi belajar matematika ditinjau dari kemampuan konservasi Piaget dan jenis kelamin pada siswa kelas 1 di enam SD Kecamatan Ngemplak Boyolali

RAHAYU, Diah, Dr. Yapsir Gandi Wirawan, MA

2004 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Rendahnya prestasi belajar matematika merupakan permasalahan nyata yang sering dihadapi oleh siswa maupun pihak pengambil kebijaksanaan. Piaget menciptakan suatu tugas penting diantaranya tugas konservasi, yang merupakan syarat bagi anak untuk mampu memahami konsep berfikir logis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa kelas 1 kecamatan Ngemplak Boyolali, (2) Hubungan Kemampuan Konservasi dengan Prestasi Belajar Matematika, (3) Ada tidaknya Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Antara Laki-laki dan Perempuan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berasal dari enam sekolah dasar kelas 1 dengan jumlah subjek 227 tetapi setelah dilakukan seleksi data ternyata yang terambil sekitar 185 siswa. Sekolahan dipilih oleh pihak DIKNAS. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Piagetian Task berupa tes performance yang disajikan perindividu selama 15 menit persubjek dan tes prestasi belajar matematika sebanyak 30 aitem. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Korelasi Parsial untuk mencari hubungan kemampuan konservasi dengan prestasi belajar matematika dengan mengendalikan tingkat kecerdasan. Analisis lain adalah uji-t untuk mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Hasil Prestasi Belajar Matematika 185 siswa kelas 1 diketahui 3,8% subjek berada pada kategori tertinggi, 34% termasuk kategori tinggi, 40% kategori sedang, 15,6% termasuk kategori rendah dan 6,4% sangat rendah. (2) Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan konservasi dengan prestasi belajar matematika. (3) Tidak terdapat perbedaan Jenis kelamin antara laki-laki dan perempuan.

The low mathematics learning is a serious problem that is always faced not only by students but also DIKNAS. Piaget, one of cognitive psychologist created an important task, which was called conservation’s task. It was a kind of requirement for learner to understand the concept of logical thinking. The aim of this research was to understand (1) mathematics learning achievement of the first grades elementary student; (2) the relation between conservation and mathematics learning achievement; (3) whether or not the difference of mathematics learning achievement between male and female student. The subjects of this research were taken from six elementary schools of this first grade, which contained of 227 subjects. After selecting the data, the intended subjects were 185 students. The schools were chosen by DIKNAS. The instrument was taken from Piaget’s task. It was called performance test, which took 15 minutes for one subject, and mathematics learning achievement’s test contained of 30 items. Partial correlation was used to analyze the data to find out the correlation between conservation ability and mathematics learning achievement by controlling intelligence’s level. T-test was also used to understand the differences of mathematics learning achievement between male and female students. The result shows that (1) this result of mathematics learning achievement of 185 first grade students can be described as follows: 3,8% subject is in the higher category; 34% is in the high category; 40% is middle; 15,6% is in the low category and 6,4 % is in the lowest category. (2) There was positive and significance correlations between mathematics learning achievement and conservation ability; (3) there wasn’t differences in mathematics learning achievement between male and female students.

Kata Kunci : Prestasi Belajar, Konservasi Piaget, Siswa kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar, Learning achievement, Piaget’s conservation, the first grade students of elementary school