Isolation of Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Sponge from Raja Ampat Sea and Its Antibacterial Activity
ALMAS AL HAIDAR, Dr. Djoko Santosa, M.Si.; Akhirta Atikana, M.Sc.
2024 | Skripsi | FARMASI
Aktinobakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons laut memiliki potensi sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri baru. Laut di Raja Ampat, Indonesia, terkenal akan keanekaragaman hayati lautnya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aktinobakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons laut di Laut Raja Ampat.
Aktinobakteri diisolasi dari sampel spons menggunakan metode pengenceran bertingkat dengan media Humic-acid Vitamin Agar (HVA) dan Starch Casein Agar (SCA). Aktinobakteri yang telah diisolasi kemudian diskrining untuk menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 menggunakan metode difusi agar-plug dan cakram. Isolat aktinobakteri yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kemudian dianalisis secara molekuler melalui sekuensing 16S rRNA dan deteksi Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs), termasuk Polyketide Synthase (PKS) dan Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthase (NRPS).
Proses isolasi menghasilkan 128 isolat aktinobakteri dari enam sampel spons, dengan media SCA menghasilkan jumlah isolat terbanyak. Isolat SPP23-070, SPP23-072, SPP23-098 menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, dan SPP23-101 menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, dengan media pertumbuhan optimal adalah Starch Yeast Peptone (SYP) pada hari ke-7 inkubasi. Di antara isolat tersebut, hanya SPP23-070 yang terdeteksi memiliki gen KS-2 pada identifikasi BGCs. Isolat SPP23-070 dan SPP23-072 menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap Escherichia coli ketika dikultur dalam semua media cair, meliputi International Streptomyces Project-2 (ISP2), SYP, dan Yeast Starch (YS), tetapi SPP23-101 hanya menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap Escherichia coli ketika dikultur dalam media cair YS. Penelitian selanjutnya akan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies aktinobakteri yang spesifik dan mengisolasi senyawa yang dihasilkan.
Actinobacteria associated with marine sponges have potential as a source of new antibacterial compounds. The sea in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, is famous for its high marine biodiversity. The research is aimed at exploring the actinobacteria associated with marine sponges in Raja Ampat Sea.
The actinobacteria were isolated from the sponge sample using a serial dilution method with Humic-acid Vitamin Agar (HVA) and Starch Casein Agar (SCA) media. The actinobacteria that have been isolated are then screened to test their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using agar-plug and disc diffusion methods. Actinobacteria isolates with antibacterial activity were then molecularly analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) detection, including Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthase (NRPS).
The isolation process resulted in 128 actinobacteria isolates from six sponge samples, with the SCA medium yielding the highest number of isolates. The isolates SPP23-070, SPP23-072, SPP23-098 exhibited activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and SPP23-101 exhibited activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the optimal growth medium being Starch Yeast Peptone (SYP) on the 7th day of incubation. Among the isolates, only SPP23-070 was detected to possess the BGCs KS-2 gene. The isolates SPP23-070 and SPP23-072 exhibited activity against Escherichia coli when cultured in all liquid media, including International Streptomyces Project-2 (ISP2), SYP, and Yeast Starch (YS), but SPP23-101 only exhibited activity against Escherichia coli when cultured in YS liquid medium. Future research will aim to identify the specific Actinobacteria species and isolate the produced compounds.
Kata Kunci : marine sponge, actinobacteria, isolation, antibacterial