Analisis Kerentanan Perubahan Iklim dan Aksi Adaptasi Berbasis Ekosistem (Ecosystem-based Adaptation) Sentra Tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung
DESNANDA LUKLU CHUSNIA, Dr. Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, S.Si., M.T., M.Sc.
2024 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN
Budidaya komoditas tembakau sangat bergantung pada kondisi cuaca sehingga termasuk
sebagai elemen yang rentan terhadap
perubahan iklim. Kabupaten Temanggung memiliki 8 sentra
tembakau sehingga memiliki potensi penerimaan dampak perubahan iklim yang tinggi.
Aksi adaptasi yang mengedepankan kelestarian dan keanekaragaman hayati sesuai dengan prinsip adaptasi
berbasis ekosistem atau ecosystem-based adaptation/EbA penting dilakukan menurunkan kerentanan perubahan
iklim sentra tembakau. Oleh karena itu,
penelitian ini memiliki 3 tujuan utama, yakni mengetahui kerentanan perubahan
iklim sentra tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung,
mengetahui aksi adaptasi berbasisi ekosistem yang dilakukan pada sentra
tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung dalam penanggulangan dampak perubahan iklim,
serta mengetahui hubungan antara kerentanan perubahan iklim dengan aksi
adaptasi berbasis ekosistem pada sentra tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung.
Kerentanan perubahan iklim disajikan
dalam climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) yang mengacu pada
komponen paparan, sensitivitas, dan kapasitas
adaptasi. Dengan pertimbangan keterbatasan ketersediaan data dan sumberdaya penelitian, kajian ini hanya menggunakan 6 indikator paparan,
7 indikator sensitivitas, dan 5 indikator
kapasitas adaptasi. Masing-masing komponen kerentanan
perubahan iklim juga mempertimbangkan pembobotan yang mengacu pada penilaian ahli dengan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP).
Sementara itu, analisis adaptasi berbasis
ekosistem didasarkan pada lima dimensi
hasil adaptasi berbasis
ekosistem, yakni dimensi
aset, ketahanan pangan,
mata pencaharian, keamanan
dan ketahanan sumberdaya air, serta
kesehatan.
Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing kelas kerentanan perubahan iklim pada sentra tembakau
memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Semakin
rendah kerentanan perubahan iklim pada suatu sentra tembakau, terdapat kecenderungan bahwa sentra memiliki
kemampuan adaptasi yang baik. Terdapat 14 jenis adaptasi
yang teridentifikasi dilakulan
pada sentra tembakau
untuk menanggulangi dampak
perubahan iklim. Sebanyak 13 jenis adaptasi terindikasi bersesuaian dengan prinsip
EbA sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap
keberlanjutan lingkungan. Sentra tembakau dengan kerentanan perubahan
iklim tinggi cenderung
mengimplementasikan lebih banyak EbA. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat indikasi
hubungan positif antara
kerentanan perubahan iklim dengan aksi adaptasi
berbasis ekosistem pada sentra tembakau
di Kabupaten Temanggung.
The cultivation of tobacco commodities
is highly dependent on weather conditions
so that it is included as an element that is vulnerable to climate change. Temanggung Regency has 8 tobacco hubs so that it has a high potential for receiving the impact of climate change. Adaptation
actions that prioritize sustainability and biodiversity
in accordance with the principles of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) are important to reduce the vulnerability of tobacco hubs to climate
change. Therefore, this study has 3 main objectives, namely to determine
the vulnerability of climate change in tobacco hubs in Temanggung Regency, to
know the ecosystem-based adaptation actions carried out in tobacco hubs in
Temanggung Regency to overcoming the impact of climate change, and to determine
the relationship between climate change vulnerability and ecosystem-based
adaptation in tobacco hubs in Temanggung
Regency.
Climate change vulnerability is presented in the climate change
vulnerability index (CCVI) which refers to the components of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity.
Considering the limited
availability of data and research
resources, this study only uses 6 exposure indicators, 7 sensitivity
indicators, and 5 adaptation capacity
indicators. Each component of climate change
vulnerability also considers weighting that refers to
expert assessment using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Meanwhile, the ecosystem-based adaptation
analysis is based on five dimensions, namely asset dimensions, food security, livelihoods, water resources security and security, and health.
The results of the study show that each class of climate
change vulnerability in tobacco hubs has different
characteristics. The lower the vulnerability to climate change in a tobacco
hub, there is a tendency
that the hub has good adaptability. There
are 14 types of adaptations identified in tobacco hubs to overcome the
impact of climate change. A total of
13 types of adaptations are indicated to be in accordance with the EbA principle so that they can
contribute to environmental sustainability. Tobacco
hubs with high climate change vulnerability tend to implement more EbA. This shows that there is an indication of
a positive relationship between climate change
vulnerability and ecosystem-based adaptation actions in tobacco hubs in Temanggung Regency.
Kata Kunci : kerentanan perubahan iklim, adaptasi berbasis ekosistem, sentra tembakau