Aktivitas Sitotoksik Fraksi Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D
Novanda Eka Saputra, Prof. Dra. Rarastoeti Pratiwi, M.Sc., Ph.D
2024 | Tesis | S2 Biologi
Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofactum
Vahl.) is a plant native to Indonesia that has anticancer potential. Javanese long
pepper has three levels of fruit maturity which can be seen from the morphology
of the fruit skin, namely green, orange and red maturity. The purpose of this
study was to test the cytotoxicity of extracts and 96% ethanolic extract
fractions on T47D and Vero cells, secondary metabolite profiles, apoptosis
induction, and cell cycle arrest in T47D cells. Javanese long pepper fruit is obtained
from Tulungagung, East Java. Color analysis of fruit maturity was carried out
using a chromameter. The sample was extracted with 96% ethanol using
soxhlet and fractionated using the Vacuum Liquid Chomatography. Extracts and
fractions were measured for cytotoxicity against T47D and Vero cells using the
MTT assay. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest assay using the flow
cytometry. Analysis of bioactive components using GC-MS. Data on apoptosis
induction and cycle arrest submitted to One-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey test. The cytotoxic activity of the extract showed that the orange maturation
fruit extract had the most toxic activity against T47D cells with an IC50
value of 102.76 µg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of the orange maturation fruit
extract fraction showed that the most toxic fraction in T47D was fraction B
(fraction from the combined solvent n:hexane-ethyl acetate (7:3 and 5:5)) with
an IC50 value of 56.31 µg/mL. All extract fractions were less selective
to Vero cells. orange maturation extract is able to trigger cell cycle arrest in
the Sub-G1 phase and induce apoptosis. Compounds that are thought to have an
anticancer role include piperidine, piperlongumine, and ß-sitosterol.
Orange maturation fruit extract has the potential to be developed as an
anticancer.
Kata Kunci : Piper retrofractum, kanker, sitotoksisitas, apoptosis, siklus sel