Implikasi pembangunan persenjataan nuklir Korea Utara terhadap perimbangan kekuatan militer Negara-negara di Asia Timur

RUSLIN, Ismah Tita, Prof.Dr. Ichlasul Amal, MA

2004 | Tesis | S2 Politik

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara isu persenjataan nuklir Korea Utara terhadap perimbangan kekuatan militer negaranegara kawasan serta implikasi terhadap politik keamanan kawasan Asia Timur. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah: 1). Ditinjau dari aspek militer, isu nuklir Korea Utara dapat memicu potensi konflik militer di kawasan 2). Ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi, isu ini mempengaruhi integritas ekonomi kawasan, disisi lain mendorong negara-negara kawasan meningkatkan kerjasama politik dan ekonomi. Subyek penelitian adalah isu pembangunan dan proliferasi persenjataan nuklir Korea Utara yang memicu munculnya ketegangan kawasan. Pemerintah Korea Utara menjadikan isu ini sebagai alat propaganda untuk kepentingan nasionalnya. Ketegangan kawasan semakin meningkat, setelah negara ini menarik diri dari perjanjian proliferasi nuklir pada tahun 2003. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tehnik pengumpulan data sekunder atau library research. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan secara tepat diharapkan menjadi hasil studi yang dapat dipertahankan secara ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari aspek militer, tindakan Korea Utara mengembangkan persenjataan nuklir menimbulkan respon negatif negaranegara kawasan, sehingga melahirkan security dilemma di kawasan yang dapat memicu pecahnya konflik militer. Sementara dari aspek ekonomi, tingginya integritas dan ketergantungan perekonomian kawasan, mendorong negara-negara kawasan untuk menyelesaikan konflik secara damai. Dengan kata lain integrasi perekonomian dan perekonomian internasional dipandang dapat mereduksi kemungkinan terjadinya perang. Inilah apa yang disebut alternative security.

The aim of this research is to analyze the relation of among the issue of North Korea nuclear weapon, the balance of military power in East Asia countries and the implication of politics and regional security. The hypothesis consist of two points: 1). The military aspect, the issue of North Korea nuclear, will lead to a security dilemma among regional countries and increase the involvement of super power counties such as United States and Russia. 2) The economics aspect, the nuclear issue will influence the dynamic of regional economic. The subject of research is North Korea nuclear development. The government of North Korea has actively used it as propaganda for its national interest. The presence of nuclear weapon has turned to be applied as reasons of using deterrence theory of international politics. One state tries to increase its security defence it means that the decrease the other. This condition could trigger arm races in the region. The study based on the method of library research. Theoretically, secondary data come from selected books, magazines, newspaper, internet and other resources that are connected with this research. The result of the research shows that there are two impacts arm races of regional stability. In one hand, the negative impact has been caused the strategic responsive from regional countries may lead to security dilemma, which will potentially decrease regional stability. On the other hand, the positive impact, the economic interdependency among regional countries tend to concerning with greater opportunities for mutual benefit through cooperation rather than confrontation. Thus the economic interdependency might well tend to reduce likelihood of war. This is what we call as alternative security.

Kata Kunci : Politik Internasional,Keamanan Regional Asia Timur,Nuklir Korea Utara, The nuclear of North Korea, the response of regional countries, the implications of regional stability