Pengaruh Pemberian Imbuhan Pakan Herbal Probiotik Terhadap Peforma Ayam Broiler dan Pertumbuhan Jamur dalam Saluran Pencernaan Ayam

ANDINDA SALSA BELA, Prof. Dr. drh. Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni, M.Si.

2024 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Penggunaan antibiotik pada peternakan ayam broiler sering digunakan sebagai imbuhan pakan yang bertujuan sebagai growth promotor, memaksimalkan produksi, dan efektivitas pakan. Bahaya penggunaan antibiotik sebagai imbuhan atau antibiotik growth promotor (AGP) dapat menyebabkan resistensi pada ayam pedaging. Imbuhan pakan herbal probiotik merupakan imbuhan pakan yang dapat ditambahkan dalam ransum pakan ayam pedaging. Kandungan herbal dan probiotik dalam imbuhan pakan baik untuk mikrobiota saluran perncernaan salah satunya jamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian imbuhan pakan terhadap pertumbuhan jamur dalam saluran pencernaan ayam, serta performa ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini menggunakan 72 ekor day old chicken (DOC) broiler yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak. Kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 35 ekor diberikan imbuhan pakan dengan dosis 0,05 ml/ ekor/ hari. Kandungan Imbuhan pakan yang digunakan, yaitu daun sirih (Piper betle), daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Carica papaya, Acinomyces, jamur fermentasi, bakteri asam laktat, bakteri fotosintesa, dan ragi. Kelompok kontrol sebanyak 37 ekor ayam tidak diberikan imbuhan pakan. Berat Ayam dan konsumsi pakan ditimbang setiap minggunya. Data yang terhimpun terdiri dari hasil identifikasi jamur pada saluran pencernaan ayam, konsumsi pakan harian, berat badan mingguan, dan Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Rata-rata berat badan dan FCR mingguan dianalisis dengan Independent t-test menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS. Sampel diambil dari tiga ekor ayam dari kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol secara acak melalui swab kloaka. Sampel ditumbuhkan pada media Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) dan diidentifikasi pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian imbuhan pakan herbal probiotik berpengaruh positif terhadap performa ayam broiler. Pemberian imbuhan pakan herbal probiotik menunjukkan pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp., dan Mucor sp. Pada sampel kelompok perlakuan. Pada kelompok kontrol memberikan hasil pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus.

The use of antibiotics in broiler farms is often used as a feed additive that aims as a growth promoter, maximizes production, and feed effectiveness. The danger of using antibiotics as additives or antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) can cause resistance in broilers. Probiotic herbal feed additives are feed additives that can be added to broiler feed rations. The content of herbs and probiotics in feed additives is good for the microbiota of the digestive tract, including fungi. This study aimed to determine the effect of feed supplementation on the growth of fungi in the digestive tract of chickens, as well as the performance of broilers. This study used 72 day old chicken (DOC) broilers which were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group of 35 birds was given feed additives at a dose of 0.05 ml/head/day. The content of feed additives used, namely betel leaves (Piper betle), Moringa leaves (Moringa Oleifera), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Carica papaya, Acinomyces, fermented fungi, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, and yeast. The control group of 37 chickens were not given any feed supplementation. Chicken weight and feed consumption were weighed weekly. Data collected consisted of the results of fungal identification in the digestive tract of chickens, daily feed consumption, weekly body weight, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Average weekly body weight and FCR were analyzed by Independent t-test using SPSS software. Samples were taken from three chickens from the treatment and control groups randomly through cloacal swabs. Samples were grown on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media and fungal growth was identified. The results showed that probiotic herbal feed supplementation had a positive effect on broiler performance. The provision of probiotic herbal feed supplementation showed the growth of fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp., and Mucor sp. in the treatment group samples. The control group gave the results of fungal growth of Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus.

Kata Kunci : imbuhan pakan, herbal probiotik, performa ayam, jamur saluran pencernaan.