Manajemen Risiko pada Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaus vannamei, Boone 1931) di Pesisir Kabupaten Bantul

RODDERICK SANDRO PAUNDRA FASHA, Dr. Susilo Budi Priyono, S.Pi., M.Si

2024 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber risiko, menganalisis probabilitas dan dampak risiko, serta strategi penanganan risiko pada budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Bantul. Responden pembudidaya diambil secara proporsional di tiga kapanewon, yaitu Srandakan, Sanden, dan Kretek pada Maret-Mei 2024. Data berbasis petakan tambak dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan responden yang masih aktif melakukan usaha budidaya dan memiliki catatan produksi dalam satu tahun akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tiga sumber risiko dalam budidaya udang vaname, yaitu risiko operasional, pasar, dan hukum. Risiko operasional meliputi penyakit, kualitas air tambak, kualitas benur, dan kondisi cuaca. Risiko pasar meliputi tingginya harga pakan dan harga jual udang yang cenderung rendah dan berfluktuasi. Risiko hukum mencakup perizinan usaha dan budidaya udang yang tidak diakomodasi dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kabupaten Bantul. Risiko tersebut berpotensi mempengaruhi produktivitas, ukuran (size), dan pendapatan yang dihasilkan. Status risiko terbesar berasal dari risiko size sebesar  Rp 15.492.016 per hektare ,diikuti oleh risiko produktivitas sebesar Rp 10.415.076 per hektare, dan risiko pendapatan sebesar Rp 6.401.417 per hektare. Berdasarkan analisis kejadian risiko, maka penyebab utama risiko berasal dari risiko operasional terkait penyakit dan kualitas benur, dengan status risiko masing-masing sebesar 15,12 dan 8,74. Hasil evaluasi risiko menunjukkan bahwa risiko kualitas benur, harga jual udang, penyakit, kualitas air tambak, dan kondisi cuaca memerlukan penanganan. Sementara itu, risiko tingginya harga pakan tidak memerlukan tindakan khusus. Pembudidaya udang mengatasi risiko dengan melakukan mitigasi pada risiko operasional dan menerima risiko pada risiko pasar. Secara keseluruhan, budidaya udang vaname di pesisir Kabupaten Bantul memiliki risiko tinggi, sehingga diperlukan penanganan risiko yang optimal dan efisien.

This study aims to identify risk sources, analyze the probability and impact of risks, as well as risk management strategies in whiteleg shrimp farming in coastal of Bantul Regency. Respondents of farmers were taken proportionally in three districts, namely Srandakan, Sanden, and Kretek in March-May 2024. Data based on shrimp ponds were collected through interviews with respondents who still active in the farming business and had production records in the last year. The results of the study show that there are three sources of risk in whiteleg shrimp farming, namely operational, market, and legal risks. Operational risks include disease, pond water quality, fry quality, and weather conditions. Market risks include high feed prices and shrimp selling prices which tend to be low and fluctuate. Legal risks include business licensing and shrimp farming that are not accommodated in the Bantul Regency Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW). These risks have the potential to affect productivity, size, and revenue generated. The largest risk status comes from size risk of IDR 15.492.016 per hectare, followed by productivity risk of IDR 10.415.076 per hectare, and revenue risk of IDR 6.401.417 per hectare. Based on the analysis of risk events, the main cause of risk comes from operational risks related to disease and fry quality, with risk statuses of 15.12 and 8.74, respectively. The results of the risk evaluation showed that the risk of fry quality, shrimp selling price, disease, pond water quality, and weather conditions required handling. Meanwhile, the risk of high feed prices does not require special measures. Shrimp farmers overcome risks by mitigating operational risks and accepting risks on market risks. Overall, whiteleg shrimp farming in coastal of Bantul Regency has a high risk, so optimal and efficient risk management is needed.

Kata Kunci : dampak, probabilitas, risiko, strategi penanganan, udang vaname