Motivasi Petani dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Desa Pecekelan Kecamatan Sapuran Wonosobo Jawa Tengah

ARINI WIDYATI, Ir. Wahyu Tri Widayanti, S.Hut., M.P., IPU

2024 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Motivasi petani memiliki peran penting terhadap keberlanjutan pengelolaan hutan rakyat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Desa Pecekelan, mendeskripsikan motivasi petani dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat, dan mengidentifikasi relasi antara motivasi petani hutan rakyat dengan tindakan dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data primer dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder dengan studi dokumentasi. Penentuan informan dengan teknik purposive. Informan merupakan petani anggota dan non anggota KTHR. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis data interaktif Miles dan Huberman.

Hutan rakyat di Desa Pecekelan tersebar berdasarkan letak kepemilikannya dan memiliki struktur tegakan yang beragam. Hutan rakyat dikelola dengan pola agroforestri melalui permudaan, pemeliharaan, dan pemanenan. KTHR Kembang Sae merupakan lembaga yang mewadahi petani, namun lembaga tidak berkembang karena bertani tidak menjadi mata pencaharian pokok. Kelola usaha berupa pengolahan dan pemasaran hasil kayu, tanaman perkebunan dan tanaman semusim. Motivasi petani dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat mencapai motivasi sosial, yaitu terjalinnya hubungan harmonis antar petani. Pada saat populer tahun 1990an motivasi petani telah mencapai motivasi penghargaan, KTHR berhasil menjuarai lomba hutan rakyat tingkat nasional.  Motivasi fisiologis petani berupa pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari, pupuk, pakan ternak, dan kayu bakar. Motivasi rasa aman berupa tabungan masa depan, pencegah bencana alam, ketersediaan air, dan keanekaragaman jenis. Motivasi berpengaruh terhadap tindakan pengelolaan hutan rakyat, motivasi fisiologis mempengaruhi tindakan pemanfaatan hasil untuk meningkatkan pendapatan, motivasi rasa aman mempengaruhi tindakan keberlanjutan hasil untuk masa depan, dan motivasi sosial mempengaruhi tindakan dalam musyawarah KTHR, gotong royong, dan berbagi.

Private forest management is influenced by the motivation of farmers to achieve a goal, so motivation plays an important role in the sustainability of private forest management. This research aims to explain private forest management in Pecekelan Village,  describe farmers motivation in managing private forests, and identify the relationship between private forest farmers motivation and actions in private forest management.

             This research uses a qualitative approach through the case study method. Primary data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews. Secondary data collection was carried out through documentation studies. Determination of informants was carried out using a purposive technique. The informants were farmer members and non-members of KTHR. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis and interactive data analysis by Miles and Huberman.

Private forests in Pecekelan Village are distributed according to ownership and have a diverse stand structure. Private forests are managed in an agroforestry manner through establishment, maintenance and harvesting. KTHR Kembang Sae is an institution that accommodates farmers, but the institution did not develop because farming is not the main livelihood. Business is managed in the form of processing and marketing of timber products, plantation crops and annual crops. Farmers' motivation in managing private forests is social motivation, namely the establishment of harmonious relationships between farmers. At the time of popularity in the 1990s farmers' motivation had reached award motivation, KTHR succeeded in winning the national level private forest competition.  Physiological motivation of farmers in the form of meeting daily needs, fertilizer, animal feed, and firewood. Security motivation is in the form of future savings, prevention of natural disasters, water availability, and species diversity. Motivation influences the action of private forest management, physiological motivation influences the action of utilizing results to increase income, security motivation influences the action of sustainability of results for the future, and social motivation influences the action in KTHR deliberations, mutual cooperation, and sharing.

Kata Kunci : Hutan Rakyat, Motivasi, Kebutuhan; Private Forest, Motivation, Needs