Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Sulfat sebagai Katalis pada Reaksi Bamberger untuk Sintesis p-Aminofenol
ADIBA CITRA SHAFFIYA SUSANTO, Dr. apt. Hilda Ismail, M.Si.
2024 | Skripsi | FARMASI
Paracetamol is the most widely used analgesic-antipyretic in Indonesia. Pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia still imports raw materials for the synthesis of paracetamol. To support the self-sufficiency of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, one solution that can be undertaken is the modification and development of drug synthesis. Paracetamol can be synthesized from p-aminophenol (PAP) by reacting it with acetic anhydride. PAP, which is the raw material for paracetamol, can be synthesized through the reduction reaction of nitrobenzene followed by the Bamberger rearrangement reaction. The reduction of nitrobenzene uses ammonium chloride and zinc powder to produce ?-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA). Sulfuric acid is added as a catalyst in the Bamberger reaction to convert BPHA into PAP compound.
This research was conducted to determine the optimal sulfuric acid concentration in the range of 1.5% to 2.25% that can still produce PAP while considering its environmental impact. Four different concentrations of sulfuric acid, namely 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, and 2.25%, were used during the PAP synthesis. The synthesized PAP at each concentration was sampled for quantitative analysis using TLC-densitometry to determine the optimal concentration for producing PAP. The synthesis of PAP at the optimal sulfuric acid concentration was carried out, its yield was calculated, and analyzed qualitatively using TLC, FTIR, and melting point tests.
The results of the study showed that the higher the concentration of sulfuric acid used in the range of 1.5% to 2.25%, the lower the PAP content produced. Sulfuric acid at a concentration of 1.5% produced the highest yield and PAP content in the sample. The synthesis of PAP using 1.5% sulfuric acid yielded 36.40% PAP. The yield was relatively low due to imperfect stirring and nonoptimal PAF precipitation. Qualitative analysis indicated that the synthesis method used could produce PAP, albeit less pure.
Kata Kunci : p-aminofenol, sintesis, Bamberger, asam sulfat, konsentrasi, katalis