Fenomena Bystander Effect dalam Novel Yakou Kanransha Karya Minato Kanae: Kajian Psikologi Sosial

ANGGI PARAMITHA DILLY ADMADI, Wiastiningsih, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | SASTRA JEPANG

Novel Yakou Kanransha karya Minato Kanae menceritakan sebuah kasus pembunuhan yang terjadi pada kepala keluarga Takahashi dengan sang istri menjadi tersangka dalam kasus tersebut. Pada malam pembunuhan terjadi, para tetangga sebenarnya mendengar keributan dari rumah mereka, tetapi urung mengambil tindakan pertolongan, sehingga keluarga Takahashi tidak mendapatkan pertolongan atau disebut mengalami bystander effect. Penelitian ini menganalisis apa saja fenomena bystander effect serta faktor penyebabnya yang direpresentasikan dalam novel tersebut. Metode dalam penelitian ini yakni metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan studi literatur. Kemudian, analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan psikologi sosial dan teori bystander effect oleh Bibb Latané dan John Darley. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam novel Yakou Kanransha direpresentasikan fenomena bystander effect dimana keluarga Takahashi menghadapi dua peristiwa gawat darurat, tetapi meskipun para tetangga mendengarnya, mereka tidak memberikan bantuan. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab para tetangga tersebut tidak memberikan pertolongan berdasarkan teori bystander effect Bibb Latané dan John Darley adalah difusi tanggung jawab, pengaruh sosial, dan kecemasan akan evaluasi negatif.

Yakou Kanransha, a novel by Minato Kanae, tells a story about a murder case of the head of the Takahashi family, one resident of an elite housing complex with his wife being suspected as the murderer. On the night of the incident, their neighbours' inaction despite hearing noise from the house resulted in the family not receiving any help. Because of that, the Takahashi family is facing a bystander effect phenomenon. This research aims to analyse the bystander effect phenomenon represented in the novel and its causative factors. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods and gathering data through literature review. Then, the analysis was carried out through a social psychology approach based on bystander effect theory by Bibb Latané and John Darley. 

The result revealed that in the Yakou Kanransha novel, bystander effect phenomena are represented in two emergency situations faced by the Takahashi family that are heard by their neighbours, but due to their ignorance, the family did not receive any help. Moreover, the novel also shows that the factors causing the neighbours not to provide help based on Bibb Latané and John Darley's bystander effect theory are diffusion of responsibility, social influence, and fear of negative evaluation.

Kata Kunci : bystander, bystander effect, psikologi sosial