KARAKTERISASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF ANTIBAKTERI DARI KUSAMBI (Schleichera oleosa (L) Oken) SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Antonius Oenunu Sanan, Dr. rer.net. apt. Yosi Bayu Murti,M.Si; Prof. Dr. rer.nat. apt. Triana Hertiani, M.Si
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi
Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi dilakukan
dengan cara maserasi dan Soxhlet, menggunakan pelarut organik (metanol,
n-heksana, etil asetat). Ekstrak, fraksi dan isolat diuji aktivitas menggunakan
metode difusi menggunakan bakteri E.coli, S.aureus dan MRSA.
Identifikasi struktur isolat aktif dilakukan menggunakan metode spektro massa
dan proton NMR.
Hasil penelitian ekstraksi menghasilkan 8
ekstrak berdasarkan perbedaan pelarut yang digunakan dan ekstrak dengan rendemen
tertinggi terdapat pada ekstraksi maserasi metanol kulit sebesar 47,40 %. Pada
pengujian organoleptik setiap ekstrak mempunyai ciri khas yang berbeda yaitu pada
warna, rasa dan bentuk yang menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pelarut dan metode
ekstraksi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak
Soxhlet etil asetat daun dan ekstrak Soxhlet etil asetat kulit dengan diameter
zona hambat 9,36 mm dan 10,02 mm memiliki zona hambat tertinggi terhadap
bakteri S.aureus sedangkan pada bakteri E.coli tidak menunjukkan
hambatan. Karakterisasi senyawa pada daun diidentifikasi adanya senyawa
steroid, fenolik dan terpenoid. Karakterisasi senyawa kulit diidentifikasi
adanya senyawa fenolik dan terpenoid. Hasil fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak terpilih
yaitu ekstrak Soxhlet etil asetat kulit menghasilkan 5 fraksi dan fraksi 3
memiliki aktivitas tertinggi. Dari hasil pemurnian diperoleh satu isolat
senyawa aktif yang berdasarkan uji aktivitas mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri
S.aureus dan MRSA dengan diameter sebesar 7,43 mm dan 9,41 mm pada
konsentrasi 10 µg/mL. Isolat aktif berdasarkan karakterisasi menunjukkan
kemiripan dengan senyawa terpenoid.
Indonesia
reportedly has at least 1,183 traditional medicinal herbs, 15,671 types of
health plants, and 13,576 species of medicinal plants. Kusambi plant Schleichera
oily (L) Oken is traditionally used in the East Nusa Tenggara area to treat
snake bites and postpartum maternal health care. Several studies have reported
the potential of the kusambi plant as an antibacterial. So, further research is
needed to identify the compounds found in kusambi plants. This research aims to
analyze the compound's phytochemical profile, test the compound's antibacterial
activity, isolate the compound, and identify the structure of the active
compound.
In
this study, extraction was carried out by maceration and Soxhlet, using organic
solvents (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate). Extracts, fractions, and isolates
were tested for activity using the diffusion method using bacteria E.coli,
S.aureus, and MRSA. Identification of the structure of the active
isolate was carried out using mass spectra and proton NMR methods.
The
extraction research produced eight extracts based on the different solvents
used, stem bark, and the extract with the highest yield was the methanol
maceration extraction of 47.40%. In organoleptic testing, each extract
has different characteristics, namely color, taste, and shape, which shows that
differences in solvents and extraction methods have a significant influence.
Antibacterial activity tests of Soxhlet ethyl acetate leaf extract and Soxhlet
ethyl acetate stem bark extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 9.36 mm and
10.02 mm showed the highest inhibition zone against bacteria. S. aureus,
while in bacteria E.coli, shows no obstacles. Characterization of
compounds in the leaves identified the presence of steroid, phenolic, and
terpenoid compounds. Characterization of stem bark compounds identified the
presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds. The fractionation results of the
selected extract, namely Soxhlet ethyl acetate peel extract, produced five
fractions, and fraction 3 had the highest activity. From the purification
results, one active compound isolate was obtained, which, based on activity
tests, could inhibit bacterial growth of S.aureus and MRSA with
diameters of 7.43 mm and 9.41 mm at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. Based on
characterization, the active isolate showed similarities to terpenoid
compounds.
Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: Kusambi, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.