Keragaman Genetik Ikan Glodok (Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770)) dari Hutan Mangrove Pateguran, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Gen Mitokondria 16S

LUTHFIANI EKA PUTRI, Dra. Tuty Arisuryanti M.Sc., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki kawasan hutan mangrove sangat luas salah satunya terletak di Hutan Mangrove Pateguran, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Lokasi tersebut menjadi habitat beragam jenis ikan termasuk ikan glodok dari spesies Periophthalmodon schlosseri. Akan tetapi, penelitian mengenai keragaman genetik ikan glodok spesies P. schlosseri menggunakan gen mitokondria 16S dari Hutan Mangrove Pateguran belum pernah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian keragaman genetik ikan glodok spesies P. schlosseri dari Hutan Mangrove Pateguran, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur menggunakan gen mitokondria 16S. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PCR dengan primer universal 16Sar dan 16Sbr. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari isolasi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, elektroforesis, purifikasi, dan sekuensing. Data dianalisis menggunakan software GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA, DnaSP, dan PopArt. Hasil analisis similaritas P. schlosseri dari Hutan Mangrove Pateguran, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur melalui BLAST NCBI rata-rata nilai similaritas 97.09%-99.65?ngan sekuens P. schlosseri yang berasal dari GenBank. Analisis variasi genetik intrapopulasi dan interpopulasi sampel ikan glodok P. schlosseri menunjukkan adanya perbedaan komposisi nukleotida, jarak genetik 0%, nilai keragaman haplotipe (Hd) yang tergolong tinggi, dan nilai keragaman nukleotida (?) yang tergolong rendah. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menunjukkan seluruh sampel berada dalam satu clade. Analisis haplotype network menunjukkan bahwa sampel dari kawasan Hutan Mangrove Pateguran terbagi menjadi 7 haplotipe dan salah satu sampel penelitian tergabung dengan sekuens pembanding. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi genetik ikan glodok spesies Periophthalmodon schlosseri dari Hutan Mangrove Pateguran, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pustaka gen mitokondria 16S, referensi konservasi, dan penelitian lanjutan ikan glodok.

Indonesia is a country that has a very large mangrove forest area, one of them is located in the Pateguran Mangrove Forest, Pasuruan, East Java. This location is a habitat for various types of fish including mudskipper fish with one of the species Periophthalmodon schlosseri. However, research on the genetic variation of mudskipper fish using the 16S mitochondrial gene from the Pateguran Mangrove Forest has never been done. Therefore, a study on genetic variation of mudskipper species P. schlosseri from Pateguran Mangrove Forest, Pasuruan, East Java was conducted using the 16S mitochondrial gene. This study used a PCR method with universal primers 16Sar and 16Sbr. The research stages consisted of DNA isolation, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, purification, and sequencing. Data were analyzed using GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA, DnaSP, and PopArt software. The analysis of P. schlosseri from Pateguran Mangrove Forest, Pasuruan, East Java showed genetic variation. The results of similarity analysis of P. schlosseri from Pateguran Mangrove Forest, Pasuruan, East Java through BLAST NCBI showed an average similarity value of 97.09%-99.65% compared to P. schlosseri sequences from GenBank. The analysis of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic variation of P. schlosseri samples showed differences in nucleotide composition, 0% genetic distance, high haplotype diversity (Hd) , and low nucleotide diversity (?) . Phylogenetic analysis showed that all samples of P. schlosseri investigated in this study were in one clade. The haplotype network analysis indicated that samples from the Pateguran Mangrove Forest area were divided into 7 haplotypes and one of the samples is shared with the sequence of P.schlosseri from GenBank database (NC_030766.1). The results obtained from this study are expected to provide genetic information on mudskipper fish species Periophthalmodon schlosseri from Pateguran Mangrove Forest, Pasuruan, East Java which can be utilized as a 16S mitochondrial gene library, conservation reference, and further research on mudskipper fish.

Kata Kunci : gen 16S, keragaman genetik, Periophthalmodon schlosseri / 16S gene, genetic variation, Periophthalmodon schlosseri