Perancangan dan Prediksi Numeris Preheater Jenis Shell and Tube pada Pembangkit Siklus Rankine Organik dengan Fluida Kerja N-Pentana
IHZA KANTATA MAHASA, Ir. Joko Waluyo, M.T., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is widely used in power plants with medium heat sources obtained from waste heat. To accommodate the heat transfer process in power plants, heat exchangers such as evaporators, condensers, and preheaters are required. The commonly used heat exchanger type is the shell and tube. One of the globally recognized standards for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers is TEMA. For thermal calculations, there are many methods that can be used such as the Kern method and the Bell Delaware method.
This final project focuses on the design and numerical prediction of a shell and tube type preheater in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) system using n-Pentane as the working fluid. The project covers two cases: the actual case and the scale-down case. Both preheater cases are designed with reference to TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) standards, and thermal calculations are performed using the Bell-Delaware method. Numerical predictions of the scale-down design are then conducted using ANSYS Fluent software.
From the design process, the actual case preheater design was obtained with a shell diameter of 513 mm, 140 tubes of size 1 inch BWG 16, and an effective length of 3000 mm. The scale-down case preheater design features a shell diameter of 228 mm, 20 tubes of size 1 inch BWG 16, and an effective length of 1500 mm. Numerical predictions were conducted with varying mass flow rates on the shell side, namely 0.23 kg/s for the design and 0.0575 kg/s, 0.115 kg/s, 0.1725 kg/s, 0.2875 kg/s, 0.345 kg/s, and 0.4025 kg/s for off-design conditions. Based on the numerical predictions, it was found that the scale-down case preheater has an effectiveness of 44.55% at the design mass flow rate. The numerical predictions provided insights into temperature distribution, pressure distribution, and flow fields. The results show that an increase in the shell side mass flow rate leads to a decrease in the outlet temperature of both the hot and cold fluids, a decrease in effectiveness, and an increase in pressure drop.
Kata Kunci : Perancangan Alat Penukar Kalor Shell and Tube, Prediksi Numeris, Siklus Rankine Organik, N-Pentana