Perencanaan Pengelolaan Terpadu Warisan Budaya di Kawasan Lembah Bada, Sulawesi Tengah

Romi Hidayat, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, M.A

2024 | Tesis | S2 Arkeologi

Kawasan Lembah Bada, memiliki kekayaan budaya dan alam yang bernilai tinggi sehingga perlu dilestarikan dan dikelola dengan baik. Kawasan ini memiliki 186 obyek tinggalan budaya megalitik dan sebagian kawasannya masuk zona pelindungan Biosfer Taman Nasional Lore Lindu. Potensi warisan budaya dan alam di kawasan tersebut belum dioptimalkan dengan pengelolaan terpadu secara komprehensif, komunikatif, partisipatif dan keberkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu rancangan pengelolaan terpadu untuk kawasan megalitik Lembah Bada berdasarkan potensi warisan budaya dan alam agar dapat menyeimbangkan kepentingan semua pihak, dengan mempelajari isu kawasan; identifikasi potensi warisan budaya dan alam, mengetahui peranan para pihak dan masyarakat lokal; mengetahui nilai penting dan pengelolaan kawasan; dan menyusun model pengelolaan kawasan secara terpadu.

Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif ini difokuskan di Desa Lengkeka dan Desa Kolori, yang dipilih secarapurposive sampling. Acuan dalam penyusunan model pengelolaan mengkolaborasikan pendekatan pengelolaan warisan budaya dan lingkungan, yaitu pendekatan DPSIR (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact- Response), guna menganalisis hubungan sebab akibat antar komponen lingkungan fisik, sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang kompleks yang disusun berbasis masyarakat.

Identifikasi potensi warisan budaya dan alam Lembah Bada sangat mendukung pengelolaan wilayah secara terpadu. Peranan para pihak belum sepenuhnya terlibat dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan. Hal tersebut berdampak pada kelestarian potensi lanskap lembah Bada dan nilai-nilai pentingnya, baik masalah wujud kebendaan tinggalan, latar lingkungannya, tatacara pengelolaan, dan sumber daya manusia pendukung pelestariannya. Ancaman atas kelestarian lanskap Lembah Bada disebabkan karena belum adanya tata laksana pengelolaan yang sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis model DPSIR dengan berbasis pada masyarakat, memberikan beberapa alternatif solusi dalam respon terhadap masalah yang dikembangkan meliputi variabel pengembangan kebijakan dari pemerintah, mekanisme pengelolaan secara kontinu, mengutamakan kolaborasi (Co-management) berbasis pada masyarakat (community based management), dan pengembangan pengetahuan tradisional. Di samping itu, model pengelolaan terpadu ini perlu didukung dengan struktur organisasi pengelola yang dapat mengakomodasi prinsip-prinsip dasarnya, yaitu terpadu, terbuka melibatkan semua pihak, dan berbagi kewenangan maupun pendanaan.

The Bada Valley area has high cultural and natural wealth that needs to be preserved and managed properly. The area has 186 objects of megalithic cultural heritage and part of the area is included in the Lore Lindu National Park Biosphere. The potential of cultural and natural heritage in the area has not been optimized with integrated management in a comprehensive, communicative and participatory manner for sustainability. This research aims to produce an integrated management design for the Bada Valley megalithic area based on the potential of cultural and natural heritage in order to balance the interests of all parties, by studying regional issues; identifying the potential of cultural and natural heritage, knowing the role of parties and local communities; knowing the importance and management value of the area; and developing an integrated regional management model.

This descriptive qualitative research was focused on Lengkeka Village and Kolori Village, which were selected by purposive sampling. The reference in the development of the management model collaborates cultural heritage and environmental management approaches, namely the DPSIR (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact- Response) approach, to analyse the causal relationships between complex physical, social, economic and cultural environmental components that are community-based.

The identification of the potential cultural and natural heritage of Bada Valley strongly supports integrated regional management. The roles of the parties has not been fully involved in management and utilisation. This has an impact on the preservation of the potential landscape of Bada Valley and its important values, both the material form of heritage, its environmental setting, management procedures, and human resources supporting its preservation. The threat to the sustainability of the Bada Valley landscape is due to the absence of appropriate management procedures. Based on the results of the analyse of the DPSIR model based on the community, it provides several alternative solutions in response to the problems developed, including variables of policy development from the government, continuous management mechanisms, prioritising collaboration (Co-management), community based management, and development of traditional knowledge. In addition, this integrated management model needs to be supported by a management organisation structure that can accommodate the basic principles, namely integrated, openly involving all parties, and sharing authority and funding.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan kawasan, terpadu, nilai penting, dan DPSIR