Modernisasi Perikanan Tangkap Melalui Bantuan Pemerintah kepada Nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni Kabupaten Kulon Progo

PETER JOSHUA SILALAHI, Ir. Hery Saksono, M.A.

2024 | Skripsi | MANAJ. SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

Sebanyak 96% nelayan di Indonesia tergolong ke dalam nelayan tradisional. Nelayan tradisional mengalami keterbatasan dalam akses teknologi penangkapan ikan yang menyebabkan 40% nelayan di Indonesia masih tergolong ke dalam masyarakat miskin. Modernisasi perikanan tangkap dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan mengentaskan kemiskinan nelayan. Nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni tergolong ke dalam nelayan skala kecil dengan pendapatan rendah. Oleh sebab itu, pemerintah memberikan bantuan kepada nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bantuan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni, mengetahui nelayan penerima bantuan, dan struktur sosial ekonominya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode gabungan. Responden penelitian ini terdiri atas pegawai Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan DIY, pegawai Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Kulon Progo, dan nelayan yang telah ditentukan dengan metode snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerima bantuan pemerintah adalah anggota KUB yang aktif, yakni KUB Manunggal Bahari dan KUB Ngudi Rejeki II. Bantuan yang diterima oleh nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni berupa perahu, alat tangkap, mesin PMT, alat bantu penangkapan, alat keselamatan, dan pelatihan. Bantuan yang diberikan tersebut telah memberikan manfaat dengan meningkatkan pendapatan, menekan biaya operasional, dan mempermudah pendaratan ikan. Modernisasi perikanan yang terjadi ditandai dengan intervensi pemerintah berupa bantuan, motorisasi perahu katir menjadi PMT, transformasi masyarakat dari sektor pertanian menjadi sektor perikanan tangkap, dan kapitalisasi yang menyebabkan kesenjangan pendapatan antara juragan dengan pandega. Bantuan pemerintah kepada nelayan di Pantai Karangwuni telah tepat sasaran dan bermanfaat bagi penerima bantuan.

As many as 96% of Indonesian fishermen are classified as traditional fishermen. Traditional fishermen experience limited access to fishing technology which causes 40% of fishermen in Indonesia are in poverty . Modernization of capture fisheries can increase fishermen's income and alleviate poverty. Karangwuni coastal fishermen are classified as small-scale fishermen with low income. Therefore, the government provides assistance to fishermen on Karangwuni Beach. This research was conducted mainly to describe government assistance to fishermen of Karangwuni Village and their socio-economic structure. Mixed method is used for this research. Marine and Fisheries officer of Yogyakarta Special Region, Marine and Fisheries officer of Kulon Progo Regency, and fishermen were determined by snowball sampling as respondents of this research. Primary and secondary data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive method. The result of this research indicated that the recipients of government assistance are member of active joint venture group named Manunggal Bahari and Ngudi Rejeki II. Government assistance received by fishermen was in the form of boat, fishing gears, outboard motor, fishing assistances, safety tool, and training. Those government assistance increases fishermen revenue, reduces operational costs, and makes fish landing process easier. The modernization of fisheries that occurred was marked by government intervention in the form of assistance, the motorization of fishing boats from boats to outboard motorboat, the transformation of society from the agricultural sector to the capture fisheries sector, and capitalization which caused an income gap between motorboat owners and crew. Government assistance to fishermen on Karangwuni Beach has been on target and beneficial.

Kata Kunci : modernisasi perikanan, perikanan tangkap, nelayan artisanal, alat tangkap ikan, sosial ekonomi nelayan