Kontribusi Ekonomi dan Peran Perempuan Pengolah Ikan Asap di Pantai Prigi Kabupaten Trenggalek
ASRI PUSPITA SARI, Prof. Suadi, S.Pi., M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D
2024 | Skripsi | MANAJ. SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil rumah tangga, peran reproduktif, produktif, dan sosial, serta kontribusi ekonomi perempuan pengolah ikan asap di Pantai Prigi, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Responden dipilih dengan metode purposive random sampling dengan jumlah 22 responden perempuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, didukung data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perempuan pengolah ikan asap berada dalam kelompok usia produktif, dengan mayoritas (45,5%) memiliki pendidikan SMA/sederajat. Suami responden bekerja sebagai nelayan, pengolah ikan asap, buruh, dan petani, dengan tingkat pendidikan terbanyak adalah SD/sederajat (45,9%). Perempuan memiliki peran reproduktif yang mencakup tugas-tugas domestik seperti memasak, membersihkan, mencuci piring dan pakaian, serta merawat anak dan suami dengan total curahan waktu harian rata-rata 7,2 jam. Perempuan menghabiskan waktu rata-rata 10,3 jam per hari untuk peran produktif antara lain mengolah dan memasarkan ikan asap, sedangkan peran sosialnya, seperti mengikuti pengajian dan arisan, dengan curahan waktu 1,3 jam per minggu. Analisis pendapatan usaha diperoleh 77?ri perempuan pengolah ikan asap menghasilkan pendapatan yang melebihi Upah Minimum Kabupaten Trenggalek, dengan pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp5.954.454. Kontribusi pendapatan perempuan terhadap ekonomi rumah tangga mencapai 53,9?ri total pendapatan keluarga. Penelitian ini menambah wawasan tentang peran penting perempuan dalam mendukung perekonomian keluarga dan komunitas pesisir.
The main objectives of this study were to identify the household demographics, roles, and income contributions of women involved in smoked fish processing at Prigi Coast, Trenggalek Regency. The study was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024. Respondents were selected by using purposive random sampling with total respondents of 22 women. Data were collected through a combination of observations, interviews, and literature study. Data was analizyed using descriptive qualitative method combined with quantitative data description. The study showed that most respondent were in the category of productive age, and the majority (45.5%) had completed high school. The respondent spouses had only completed elementary school (45.9%), and their occupation majorly as farmers, fishermen, or fish processor. Based on the gender role analysis, women spent 7.2 hours a day on average performing reproductive tasks such as in child care, cleaning, dishwashing, cooking, and providing for their spouses. The respondents dedicated 10.3 hours a day for productive role, particularly in the processing and marketing of smoked fish. In addition, about 1.3 hours per week, women spent on social activities, such as for community events and recitations. Analysis of the business income showed that 77% of women in smoked fish processing resulted income that exceeded the Trenggalek UMK, with an average income of IDR 5,954,454. Women’s income contribution reaches 53.9% of family income. This study thus contributes to the understanding of the crucial role that women play in sustaining the economic well-being of coastal communities and families.
Kata Kunci : ikan asap, peran perempuan, rumah tangga, Trenggalek