Polimorfisme Gen Prolaktin (PRL) terhadap Produktivitas Telur Ayam Layar (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) Hasil Persilangan Ayam Layer dan Arab
Salma Mutiara Tsani, Prof. Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M. Agr. Sc.
2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Minat masyarakat terhadap ayam bukan ras di Indonesia terus mengalami
peningkatan, tetapi belum didukung oleh kemampuan produktivitas ayam.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah produktivitas ayam Layar,
mengetahui kualitas telur ayam Layar, serta mengetahui polimorfisme 24bp
promotor gen PRL sebagai penanda sifat produktivitas pada ayam Layar
hasil persilangan Ayam Layer dan Arab. Produktivitas telur dilakukan dengan
menghitung jumlah akumulasi telur selama 8 minggu, mengukur kualitas internal
dan eksternal telur, sedangkan analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan deteksi
polimorfisme 24bp promotor gen PRL. Data diolah menggunakan software Excel,
SPSS Statistic 26.0 one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test dan
korelasi Pearson. Data visualisasi polimorfise pita DNA pada insersi
delesi promoter PRL dihitung frekuensi genotipnya mengikuti hukum
Hardy-Weinberg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rerata produktivitas telur ayam F1
Layar selama 8 minggu sebesar 35 butir telur lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan
ayam Pelung dan Layer, namun lebih rendah dibanding dengan ayam Arab. Telur
ayam F1 Layar memiliki rata-rata berat 48,36±0,45 gram, berwarna light
yellowish pink dan pale orange yellow, berbentuk normal, termasuk
mutu 1 berdasarkan indeks putih telur dan merupakan golongan A berdasarkan
nilai haugh unit yang merupakan karakter gabungan antara ayam Layer dan Arab. Terdapat
tiga variasi mutasi yang ditemukan pada hasil visiaulisasi polimorfisme insersi
delesi promoter PRL yaitu homozigot insersi (II), homozigot delesi (DD),
dan heterozigot insersi delesi (ID). Mutasi insersi delesi merupakan mutasi
yang banyak ditemukan pada ayam F1 Layar dan memiliki produktivitas
telur yang lebih tinggi. Namun, korelasi polimorfisme 24bp promoter gen PRL
dengan jumlah produktivitas telur pada ayam F1 Layar tidak
menunjukkan adanya korelasi.
Public
interest in non-breed chickens in Indonesia continues to increase, but has not
been supported by the productivity capabilities of chickens. This study aims to
determine the amount of productivity of Layar chickens, determine the egg
quality of Layar chickens, and determine the polymorphism of the 24bp PRL gene
promoter as a marker of productivity traits in Layar chickens crossed with
Layer chickens and Arabian chickens. Egg productivity was carried out by
counting the number of accumulated eggs for 8 weeks, measuring the internal and
external quality of eggs, while molecular analysis was carried out by detecting
the polymorphism of 24bp PRL gene promoter. Data were processed using
Excel software, SPSS Statistic 26.0 one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and
Pearson correlation. DNA band polymorphism visualisation data at PRL
promoter deletion insertion was calculated genotype frequency following
Hardy-Weinberg law. The results showed that the average egg productivity of F1
Layar chickens for 8 weeks of 35 eggs was higher than that of Pelung and Layer
chickens, but lower than that of Arabian chickens. Eggs of F1 Layar
chickens have an average weight of 48.36 ± 0.45 grams, light yellowish pink and
pale orange yellow in colour, normal in shape, including quality 1 based on egg
white index and is class A based on haugh unit value which is a combined
character between Layer and Arabian chickens. There are three variations of
mutations found in the results of visualisation of PRL promoter deletion
insertion polymorphism, namely homozygous insertion (II), homozygous deletion
(DD), and heterozygous deletion insertion (ID). The deletion insertion mutation
is the most common mutation found in F1 Layar chickens and has
higher egg productivity. However, the correlation of the 24bp promoter
polymorphism of the PRL gene with the amount of egg productivity in F1
Layar chickens showed no correlation.
Kata Kunci : Ayam Arab, Ayam Layer, Polimorfisme, PRL, Produktivitas telur/Arab Chicken, Egg Productivity, Layer Chicken, Polymorphism, PRL