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Sintesis Bioplastik Komposit Karboksimetil Selulosa dengan Variasi Pengisi Zeolit dan Magnetit sebagai Material Anti Radiasi

Syafira Choirotunnisa, Prof. Indriana Kartini, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.; Prof. Dra. Eko Sri Kunarti, M.Si., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Meningkatnya penanganan medis di bidang radiologi diagnostik yang banyak menggunakan radiasi elektromagnetik (REM), khususnya radiasi pengion (ionizing radiation) seperti sinar-X dan gamma mendorong upaya untuk menemukan bahan pelindung radiasi yang bersifat tidak toksik dan fleksibel sebagai pengganti penggunaan apron anti radiasi timbal. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan eksplorasi pembuatan bahan perisai anti radiasi berbasis bioplastik komposit menggunakan matriks karboksimetil selulosa, agen penaut silang asam sitrat (KMS/AS) dengan pengisi zeolit dan magnetit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk hasil sintesis bioplastik komposit yang berupa lembaran plastik dan kinerjanya sebagai material anti radiasi sinar-X (35.0 kV) dan gamma (0,662 MeV). Pengisi yang digunakan dalam bioplastik ini berupa zeolit alam teraktivasi (ZAA), magnetit (Fe3O4), dan kombinasi zeolit/magnetit (ZA-Mag). Parameter sintesis yang dikaji meliputi massa zeolit atau magnetit (0,61;1,21;1,81% w/w dan massa kombinasi zeolit dan magnetit (0,003; 0,004; 0,005; 0,011; 0,017% (w/w)) terhadap matriks KMS. Preparasi bioplastik komposit anti radiasi pengion dilakukan menggunakan teknik solvent-casting. Hasil sintesis bioplastik dikarakterisasi dengan metode spektrofotometri FTIR, XRD, uji mekanik, dan SEM.

Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bioplastik KMS/AS/Fe3O4 sebagai material anti radiasi paling baik terhadap sinar-X dengan koefisien atenuasi linier (?) 0,32 mm–1 dan nilai tebal paruh (HVL) sebesar 2,19 mm. Sedangkan bioplastik KMS/AS memiliki kemampuan atenuasi terbaik terhadap radiasi gamma dengan nilai koefisien atenuasi linier (?)  1,08 mm–1 dan nilai tebal paruh (HVL) 0,64 mm. Sedangkan apron timbal komersial memiliki nilai atenuasi linier  (?)  2,60 mm–1 dan HVL 0,27 mm terhadap Sinar X, serta nilai atenuasi linier  (?) 0,69 mm–1 dan HVL 1,00 mm. Bioplastik berbasis komposit KMS/AS memiliki potensi sebagai alternatif material anti radiasi pengion khususnya radiasi sinar- X dan gamma.

Increasing medical treatment in the field of diagnostic radiology that uses a lot of electromagnetic radiation (REM), especially ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma, encourages efforts to find radiation shielding materials that are non-toxic and flexible as a substitute for the use of lead apron shielding material. This study explores the manufacture of composite bioplastic-based radiation shielding materials using a carboxymethyl cellulose matrix and citric acid crosslinking agent (KMS/AS) with zeolite and magnetite fillers. This study aims to determine the characteristics of composite bioplastic synthesized in the form of plastic sheets and their performance as shielding material for X-ray (35.0 kV) and gamma radiation (0.622 MeV). The fillers used in this bioplastic are activated natural zeolite (ZAA), magnetite (Fe3O4), and zeolite/magnetite combination (ZA-Mag). The synthesis parameters studied include the mass of zeolite or magnetite (0.61; 1.21; 1.81 % (w/w)) and the mass of zeolite and magnetite combination (0.003; 0.004; 0.005; 0.11; 0.17 % (w/w)) to KMS matrix. Ionizing radiation shielding composite bioplastics were prepared using the solvent-casting method. FTIR spectrophotometry, XRD, mechanical test, and SEM were used to characterize the synthesized bioplastics.

In this study, KMS/AS/ Fe3O4 bioplastic was obtained as the best anti radiation material against X-rays with a linear attenuation coefficient (?) of 0.32 mm–1 and a half-life thickness (HVL) value of 2.19 mm. Meanwhile, KMS/AS bioplastic has the best attenuation ability against gamma radiation with a linear attenuation coefficient (?) of 1.08 mm–1 and a half-life thickness (HVL) of 0.64 mm. Meanwhile, the commercial lead apron has a linear attenuation value (?) of 2.6 mm–1 and HVL of 0.27 mm against X-rays, as well as a linear attenuation value (?) of 0.69 mm–1 and HVL of 1.00 mm. KMS/AS composite-based bioplastics have potential as an alternative to ionizing anti radiation materials, especially X-ray and gamma radiation.

Kata Kunci : bioplastik anti radiasi, radiasi pengion, karboksimetil selulosa (KMS), sinar-X, sinar gamma, bioplastic as shielding material, ionizing radiation, carboxymethyl cellulose (KMS), X-ray, gamma radiation

  1. S1-2024-414646-abstract.pdf  
  2. S1-2024-414646-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S1-2024-414646-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S1-2024-414646-title.pdf