Rancang Bangun Fasilitas Eksperimen Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System untuk Baterai Lithium-ion 18650
SATRIA QOMARUL AKBAR, Ir. Indro Pranoto, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D, IPM., ASEAN.Eng.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
Baterai lithium-ion dikenal secara luas sebagai energy storage karena baterai ini memiliki kepadatan energi yang besar. Baterai jenis ini dapat diterapkan pada kendaraan listrik dan peralatan kesehatan seperti kotak vaksin yang memerlukan sumber arus listrik untuk menjaga temperatur vaksin pada kondisi ideal. Akan tetapi, jenis baterai ini juga memiliki kekurangan berupa produksi panas yang besar. Sehingga, teknologi Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) harus diterapkan untuk menyerap kalor. Keberadaan BTMS dapat mengontrol temperatur baterai agar tetap berada pada rentang yang aman ketika beroperasi. Tanpa adanya BTMS, temperatur baterai lithium-ion akan terus meningkat dan berpotensi dapat merusak komponen elektronis lainya.
Pemakaian baterai lithium-ion dapat menimbulkan produksi panas yang harus dikontrol. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan BTMS berbasi hybrid yang memakai phase change materials (PCM) dan cold plate. Sementara itu, baterai yang digunakan berjenis lithium-ion 18650 yang berbentuk silinder. Panas yang dihasilkan baterai akan diserap oleh PCM sampai material tersebut meleleh dan sejumlah kalor lainya akan diserap oleh cold plate. PCM yang digunakan memakai jenis Stearic Acid dengan titik leleh sebesar 43?. Dimana sistem BTMS pada penelitian ini harus menjaga temperatur maksimum dari permukaan baterai kurang dari 50?. Fluida pendingin yang digunakan berupa air dengan temperatur awal sebesar 22? yang dialirkan melalui pompa. Kemudian air cooled heat exchanger dipakai untuk membuang kalor yang telah diserap air pada saat fluida tersebut melewati saluran di dalam cold plate.
Penelitian ini membuahkan hasil berupa rancangan fasilitas hybrid battery thermal management system dengan komponen utama berupa cold plate yang memiliki dimensi sebesar (175) × (168) × (85)? mm. Pada akhirnya, sistem pendingin ini mampu menjaga temperatur permukaan baterai kurang dari 50?. Selain itu, komponen pendukung lainya berupa air cooled heat exchanger ditetapkan menggunakan jenis PURSWAVE CP4 × 6 ×240 dengan kapasitas pendinginan 900 W. Pompa yang digunakan memakai jenis MG213XK/DC24WI yang dapat memberikan tekanan maksimum sebesar 7 Bar. Adapun komponen elektronik dan instrumentasi lainya yang diperlukan, antara lain miniature circuit breaker (MCB), battery management system (BMS), programmable DC electronic load, power supply, flowmeter, termokopel tipe-K, amplifier, data acquisition (DAQ), dan pressure gauge.
Lithium-ion batteries are widely known as energy storage due to their high energy density. This battery can be applied on electric vehicles and medical equipment such as vaccine box to keep the vaccine's temperature. However, excess heat production becomes a crucial lack of battery performance. Thus, a Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) should be adopted to absorb heat. The presence of BTMS can manage battery temperature in a safe range when it it operated. Without BTMS, the temperature of lithium-ion batteries continuously increases and it generates potency of electronic damage.
The use of lithium-ion batteries can cause heat production that has to be managed. This research utilizes BTMS based on hybrid model applied to phase change materials (PCM) and cold plate. in the other way, dozens of 18650 lithium-ion batteries with cylindrical shapes are adopted. the heat created by lithium-ion batteries is absorbed by PCM until it is melted and the rest of this heat is transferred to the cold plate. Stearic Acid is chosen to be the main material of PCM and this material has a melting temperature of about 43?. BTMS's performance is assessed by how it can maintain the lithium-ion battery's temperature to be less than 50?. Coolant fluid flowing inside the cold plate is water with an initial temperature of 22?. Then, air cooled heat exchanger is added to discard heat that has been absorbed by water produced by batteries.
The research gives results by a design of a facility of hybrid battery thermal management system and cold plate as a main part of the facility has a size of about (175) × (168) × (85)? mm. As a result, this cooling system is capable of maintaining the battery's surface temperature to be less than 50?. Supporting equipment such as heat exchanger is picked up by PURSWAVE CP4 × 6 ×240 which has a cooling capacity of about 900 W. The pump as a component that streams water is defined MG213XK/DC24WI with a maximum pressure of about 7 Bar. For more information, electronic devices operate to support this facility, and those devices can be defined as miniature circuit breaker (MCB), battery management system (BMS), programmable DC electronic load, power supply, flowmeter, thermocouple type-K, amplifier, data acquisition (DAQ), and pressure gauge.
Kata Kunci : lithium-ion, hybrid battery thermal management system, phase change materials, cold plate, temperatur maksimum.