PEMODELAN GEOSPASIAL CAPAIAN PENURUNAN EMISI KARBON DI KABUPATEN SIAK, PROVINSI RIAU
Amaliyah Putri, Dr. Ir. Emma Soraya, S.Hut., M.For., IPU.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto, M.Agr.Sc., IPU.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan
Siak Regency located in Riau Province with an area of 837,779 ha has 57.7% peatland area known as vulnerable to forest fire. Deforestation occurred on Siak Regency due to the expansion of plantations, causing carbon emissions. Siak Regency has been committed to reducing carbon emissions with the initiation of the Siak Regency Green Policy in 2016. This study aims to analys land cover change, carbon stock and CO2 emissions in Siak Regency before the initiation of Green Siak to current conditions, as well as model future land cover, carbon stock and CO2 emissions based on activity data since the initiation of Green Siak.
Landsat imagery was employed to classify land cover of 2009, 2016, and 2023. Land cover projections for 2030 were processed using CA-Markov model based on land cover of 2016, 2020, and 2023. Eight driving factors were used in the model, there are elevation, temperature, rainfall, population density, distance from roads, burned areas, forest area, and evidence likelihood. Changes in carbon stock were analyzed using the InVEST model based on land cover maps and carbon density data from five carbon pools, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood, and soil organic carbon. CO2 emissions were calculated based on emissions from land cover changes and peat decomposition.
The results showed that the largest land cover change in Siak Regency from 2009-2016 was a decrease in medium-canopy peat swamp forest area, and from 2016-2023, an increase in plantation area. Total carbon stock in 2009 was 1,234.03 MtC, in 2016 it was 1,232.52 MtC, and in 2023 it was 1,232.12 MtC. CO2 emissions before the initiation of Green Siak were 4.16 MtCO2e/year, and emissions afterward were 1.404 MtCO2e/year, contributing to a 11.82% reduction in carbon emissions from the target of 23.28 MtCO2e/year. The land cover change projection for 2023-2030 shows the largest change is an increase of plantation forest area, both Acacia and Eucalyptus. The estimated carbon stock in 2030 is 1,232.27 MtC, and CO2 emissions are 1.398 MtCO2e/year. The implementation of the Green Siak Policy is expected to reduce carbon emissions in the forestry and peatland sectors by 2030 by 11.85% of the target of 23.28 MtCO2e/year.
Kata Kunci : Kebijakan kabupaten hijau, model perubahan lahan, Cellular Automata-Markov Chain, pemetaan karbon, model InVEST