Analisis Pengaruh Penalaan Pengendali dalam Proses Perengkahan Nafta
Reyhan Yogaswara, Dr.-Ing. Ir. Awang Noor Indra Wardana, S.T., M.T., M.Sc., IPM.; Dr.Eng. Dwi Joko Suroso, S.T., M.Eng.
2024 | Skripsi | FISIKA TEKNIK
Proses perengkahan nafta merupakan salah satu cara yang umum digunakan dalam produksi etilena, propilena, dan senyawa olefin ringan lainnya. Aliran umpan nafta yang memiliki rantai karbon panjang dicampur dengan uap air bertekanan tinggi dan dipanaskan dalam suhu tinggi. Selama proses perengkahan temperatur reaktor perlu dijaga pada nilai optimal agar produksi olefin berjalan efisien yang secara langsung berhubungan dengan jumlah keuntungan. Sehingga diperlukan sebuah sistem kendali agar proses tersebut dapat berjalan sesuai kebutuhan.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penalaan pengendali dalam proses perengkahan nafta. Pengendalian dilakukan pada pasangan controlled variable dan manipulated variable berturut-turut temperatur reaktor dan persentase bukaan fuel valve. Penalaan dilakukan secara on-line menggunakan metode continuous cycling untuk memperoleh ultimate gain Kcu dan ultimate period Pu. Relasi penalaan Ziegler-Nichols dan Tyreus-Luyben digunakan terhadap nilai tersebut untuk mendapatkan pengaturan pengendali PID berupa controller gain Kc, integral time atau reset time ?I, dan derivative time ?D.
Hasil simulasi menunjukkan penalaan Tyreus-Luyben PID menghasilkan persentase profit paling tinggi sebesar 372% dibanding Tyreus-Luyben PI, Ziegler-Nichols P, PI, dan PID. Tyreus-Luyben PID juga memiliki respon karakteristik paling baik dengan nilai steady state error 0,009?n tidak memiliki overshoot. Meskipun nilai rise time dan settling time paling besar masing-masing 202 menit dan 270 menit, grafik respon Tyreus-Luyben PID menunjukkan perubahan temperatur reaktor paling stabil.
Naphtha cracking process is the most common process used in the production of ethylene, propylene, and many other light olefins. Naphtha feedstock which has long-chained carbon is mixed with high-pressure steam and heated in high-temperature reactor. During the cracking process, the reactor's temperature needs to be maintained at optimal value so that olefin production can run efficiently which in turn yields a higher profit. Therefore it's necessary to build a control system to achieve that goal.
This study aims to analyze the controller tuning effects in the naphtha cracking process. A control system is built on a controlled variable and manipulated variable pair that is reactor's temperature and fuel valve opening percentage. On-line controller tuning was conducted using continuous cycling method based on trial and error procedure to get ultimate controller gain Kcu and ultimate period Pu. Ziegler-Nichols and Tyreus-Luyben tuning relation was used to get PID controller settings that is controller gain Kc, integral time or reset time ?I, and derivative time ?D.
Simulation results show that Tyreus-Luyben PID tuning achieves the best profit percentage with 372% than other tuning relations such as Tyreus-Luyben PI, Ziegler-Nichols P, PI, and PID. Tyreus-Luyben PID have the best characteristic responds with steady-state error value of 0.009% and wihout an overshoot. Although it has longer rise time of 202 minutes and settling time of 270 minutes, its reactor's temperature change is the most stable.
Kata Kunci : proses perengkahan nafta, sistem kendali, penalaan pengendali, metode continuous cycling