Analisis Kebutuhan yang Dirasakan (Felt Need) Penghuni Scattered Settlement di Kawasan Perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten

Ahda Addina Adriana, Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc. Ph.D.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Semakin bertambahnya jumlah penduduk menjadikan kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal meningkat. Adanya urban sprawl yang terjadi pada daerah perkotaan dan pinggiran kota menghasilkan permukiman yang tidak merata dalam persebarannya. Beberapa hasil yang terjadi dari adanya urban sprawl yaitu pola permukiman leapfrog dan scattered. Kedua pola ini tidak menghasilkan penggunaan lahan yang rapi dan terkesan acak. Mayoritas permukiman berpola scattered terjadi pada daerah dengan topografi tidak rata, namun pada kabupaten Klaten terjadi pola permukiman scattered pada topografi datar di kawasan perkotaan. Hal yang menjadi fokus adalah lahan permukiman dibangun diantara lahan pertanian produktif yang subur. Scattered settlement banyak menimbulkan masalah mengenai ketidakefektifan pemenuhan kebutuhan penghuninya sehingga perlu diketahui alasan penghuni tinggal dan kebutuhan di scattered settlement. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi alasan awal penghuni tinggal di scattered settlement di kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten dan menemukan kebutuhan yang dirasakan penghuni scattered settlement di kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten. 

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan abduksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus jamak. Terdapat 8 lokasi permukiman pada 3 kecamatan kawasan perkotaan Kabupaten Klaten yaitu Klaten Utara, Klaten Tengah, dan Klaten Selatan. Metode pengambilan data berupa in depth interview pada 12 informan, kuesioner semi terbuka pada 59 responden, dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Metode analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dari olah data wawancara dan kuesioner untuk mengidentifikasi alasan awal penghuni memilih lokasi bermukim serta analisis kebutuhan yang dirasakan. Analisis dilakukan secara eksplanatif. 

Hasil temuan penelitian berupa alasan awal penghuni tinggal di scattered settlement berupa motif ekonomi, motif lokasi, motif lingkungan, dan motif sosial. Kebutuhan yang dirasakan penghuni berupa fasilitas prasarana, sarana, utilitas (PSU) permukiman.  Fasilitas PSU berupa air bersih, saluran air limbah, aksesibilitas jalan, fasilitas keamanan, ruang kegiatan sosial, ruang bermain anak, dan penerangan jalan.

As the population increases, the need for housing increases. The existence of urban sprawl that occurs in urban and suburban areas results in settlements that are uneven in distribution. Some of the results that occur from urban sprawl are leapfrog and scattered settlement patterns. These two patterns do not produce neat land use and appear random. The majority of settlements with scattered patterns occur in areas with uneven topography, however in Klaten district there are scattered settlement patterns on flat topography in urban areas. The focus is on residential land built between fertile, productive agricultural land. Scattered settlements cause many problems regarding the ineffectiveness of fulfill the needs of its residents, so it is necessary to know the reasons why residents live and their needs in scattered settlements. The aims of this research are to identify the initial reasons residents live in scattered settlements in urban areas of Klaten Regency and to find out the felt needs of scattered settlement’s residents in urban areas of Klaten Regency. 

This research used an abduction approach. The method used was the multiple case study method. There were 8 residential locations in 3 sub-districts in the urban area of Klaten Regency such as Klaten Utara, Klaten Tengah, and Klaten Selatan. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews with 12 informants, semi-open questionnaires with 59 respondents, and direct observation in the field. The data analysis method was qualitative descriptive analysis from interview and questionnaire data processing to identify the initial reasons residents chose a location to live as well as analysis of felt needs. The analysis was carried out explanatory analysis.

The results of the research found that the initial reasons residents live in scattered settlements were caused by economic motives, location motives, environmental motives and social motives. The felt needs of residents included the need for residential infrastructure, facilities, utilities. Settlement facilities included clean water, wastewater channels, road accessibility, security facilities, social activity spaces, children's playrooms, and street lighting.

Kata Kunci : Kebutuhan yang Dirasakan, Urban Sprawl, Permukiman Berpola Acak, Permukiman