Analisis Deformasi Sesar Matano Menggunakan Data Pengamatan GNSS Kontinu Dan Campaign Tahun 2018 - 2023
FREDY RIZAL PRATAMA, Ir. Nurrohmat Widjajanti, M.T., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI
Pulau
Sulawesi merupakan pulau yang termasuk daerah rawan gempa bumi dan tsunami. Wilayah tersebut memiliki tatanan tektonik
yang cukup rumit termasuk Sesar Matano. Akumulasi energi (locking) besar terdapat pada Sesar Matano. Hal ini menunjukkan
bahwa Sesar Matano merupakan sesar yang aktif dan berpotensi untuk menghasilkan
gempa yang besar. Pemantauan Sesar Matano dilakukan dengan GNSS pada Titik
Pantau Geodinamika (TPG) Matano oleh Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG). Penelitian
terdahulu belum memanfaatkan data kontinu CORS sekitarnya sebagai pelengkap dalam
pengolahan TPG di Sesar Matano. Penelitian terdahulu membahas mengenai data TPG dan InSAR untuk analisis deformasi
Sesar Matano. Seberapa besar pengaruh dari penambahan CORS dalam pengolahan perlu
dikaji untuk mendapatkan analisis deformasi yang lebih teliti.
Penelitian ini menggunakan data pengamatan GNSS campaign TPG Sesar Matano dan GNSS CORS
(CMLI dan CLMP) pada tahun 2018 s.d. 2023. Pada penelitian ini, Sesar Matano
dibagi menjadi dua segmen yaitu Segmen Matano dan Pewusai. Pengolahan solusi
koordinat tahunan dilakukan dengan dua skenario yaitu data gabungan (Skenario
1) dan data campaign saja (Skenario 2). Vektor kecepatan dihitung dengan
metode linear least square dari
koordinat toposentrik hasil pengolahan GAMIT/GLOBK. Pemodelan sesar dilakukan
dengan asumsi adanya creeping dan
dengan metode simple screw dislocation.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode grid
search untuk estimasi nilai laju geser dan locking depth. Metode grid search menggunakan grafik dengan nilai RMS error paling minimum dari model simple screw dislocation. Analisis hasil
vektor kecepatan pergeseran dilakukan dengan kedua skenario.
Nilai vektor kecepatan pergeseran rerata hasil
Skenario 1 untuk komponen E, N, dan U berturut-turut sebesar 6,44
Sulawesi
Island is an area prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. This area has a relatively
complicated tectonic setting, including the Matano Fault. A significant
accumulation of energy (locking) occurs on the Matano Fault. It shows that the
Matano Fault is active and has the potential to produce large earthquakes. The
Matano Fault is monitored using GNSS at the Matano Titik Pantau Geodinamika (TPG)
by the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). Previous research has not utilized
continuous CORS surrounding data to complement TPG processing on the Matano
Fault. Previous research discussed TPG and InSAR data for analyzing the
deformation of the Matano Fault. How big the effect of adding CORS in
processing needs to be studied to obtain a more thorough deformation analysis.
This
study uses GNSS campaign observation data from each Matano Fault TPG and GNSS
CORS (CMLI and CLMP) from 2018 to 2023. In this study, the Matano Fault is
divided into two segments: the Matano and Pewusai Segments. Annual coordinate
solutions are processed with two scenarios, namely combined data (Scenario 1)
and campaign data only (Scenario 2). Velocity vectors were calculated using the
linear least square method from the topocentric coordinates of GAMIT/GLOBK
processing results. Fault modeling was performed assuming creeping and using
the simple screw dislocation method. This study uses the grid search method to
estimate the slip rate and locking depth. The grid search method uses the graph
with the minimum RMS error value of the simple screw dislocation model.
Analysis of the displacement velocity vector results was carried out with both
scenarios.
The
average displacement velocity vector rate resulting from Scenario 1 for the E,
N, and U components were 6.44 ± 4.75 mm/year, 5.10 ± 2.50 mm/year, and 8.75 ±
6.38 mm/year, respectively. The mean displacement velocity vector rate from
Scenario 2 for the E, N, and U components were 6.23 ± 5.30 mm/year, 4.70 ± 3.23
mm/year, and 7.74 ± 8.58 mm/year, respectively. The vector directions in the
Matano Segment are East and Northeast, while the Pewusai Segment is East and
Northwest. The estimated slip rate value in the Matano Segment assuming
non-creeping is 30 mm/year with a locking depth of 8.2 km, while assuming
creeping is 25 mm/year with a locking depth of 7.1 km. The estimated slip rate
value in the Pewusai Segment under non-creeping assumptions has an estimated
slip rate of 36.2 mm/year with a locking depth of 3.5 km. In contrast, under
creeping assumptions, it is 25 to 28 mm/year with a locking depth of 1.1 km.
The dominant creeping effect is in the Pewusai Segment. It indicates a more
minor potential earthquake hazard from the Pewusai Segment than the Matano
Segment.
Kata Kunci : Sesar Matano, deformasi, linear least square, grid search, vektor kecepatan, laju geser, locking depth, creeping