Pemodelan Volumetrik Total Karbon dengan Pengintegrasian Data Bor dan Penginderaan Jauh pada Lahan Gambut Pesisir Daerah Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat
Alfu Afkar Anniffari, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ferian Anggara, S.T., M.Eng., IPM. ; Ir. Gayatri Indah Marliyani, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEOLOGI
Gambut merupakan material organik yang memiliki kandungan abu kurang dari 55?n kandungan karbon lebih dari 18%. Lahan gambut merupakan ekosistem rawa tempat terakumulasinya material organik dan memiliki ketebalan gambut minimal 50 cm. Lahan gambut berperan sebagai penyimpan karbon dan memiliki peran penting di ekologi dan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di KHG Sungai Kapuas-Sungai Mandor yang letaknya berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Natuna, sehingga termasuk ke dalam lahan gambut pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan karakteristik gambut, serta menghitung total karbon tersimpan di daerah penelitian. Data pengeboran dan data penginderaan jauh digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis densitas, kandungan abu, dan komposisi kimia (karbon dan sulfur) digunakan dalam penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik gambut yang nantinya akan digunakan dalam karakterisasi tipe gambut. Analisis spasial melalui penginderaan jauh dari data DEMNAS, drone, dan Landsat digunakan untuk menganalisis distribusi gambut. Integrasi antara analisis karakteristik gambut dan analisis penginderaan jauh digunakan untuk mengetahui distribusi gambut dan penghitungan total karbon tersimpan. Volume total lahan gambut, densitas, dan kandungan karbon dikalkulasikan untuk mendapatkan total karbon tersimpan. Tipe gambut di lokasi penelitian adalah hemic dan sapric, dimana sapric banyak tersebar di dekat sungai, basal, dan permukaan, sedangkan hemic ditemukan di area tengah gambut. Tipe gambut fibric tidak ditemukan di area pengeboran, namun dari analisis penginderaan jauh, fibric kemungkinan akan ditemukan di kubah gambut. Ketebalan gambut berkisar antara 0,5 – 7 m. Nilai densitas berkisar antara 0,1539 gr/ml – 0,6498 gr/ml dan rata-rata sebesar 0,2924%. Nilai densitas akan semakin rendah seiring dengan pertambahan kedalaman. Kandungan abu berkisar antara berkisar antara 0,077% - 56,382?n rata-rata sebesar 4,1% (very low ash). Kandungan karbon berkisar antara 32,66% - 77,58?ngan rata-rata sebesar 57,5639%. Nilai rata-rata kandungan karbon untuk tipe hemic sebesar 57,4246?n sapric sebesar 57,7223%. Kandungan sulfur berkisar antara 0,12% - 1,73?ngan rata-rata sebesar 0,2944%. Nilai rata-rata kandungan sulfur tipe hemic sebesar 0,2676?n sapric sebesar 0,3256%. Kandungan karbon akan semakin tinggi ketika menjauhi sungai, bagian basal, dan permukaan lahan gambut, sedangkan kandungan abu dan sulfur akan berkurang ketika semakin jauh dari sungai, basal, dan permukaan. Volume lahan gambut di KHG Sungai Kapuas-Sungai Mandor mencapai 1,299 km3, dengan total karbon mencapai 221,4189 ± 7% MtC.
Peat is an organic material having an ash content of less than 55% and
a carbon content of more than 18%. Meanwhile, peatlands are swamp ecosystems
where organic material is accumulated and have peat thickness of at least 50
cm. Peatlands act as carbon storage and have an important role in ecology and
the environment. The research was conducted in the KHG Sungai Kapuas-Sungai
Mandor which is located adjacent to the Natuna Sea, hence it is considered as
coastal peatlands. This research aims to determine the distributions and
characteristics of peat, as well as to calculate the total carbon stored in the
research area. Peat core data and remote sensing data were used in this
research. Density analysis, ash content, and chemical composition (carbon and
sulfur) were utilized to determine the characteristics of peat which later were
used to characterize peat types. Spatial analysis via remote sensing from
DEMNAS, drone, and Landsat data was used to analyze the distribution of peat.
Integration between peat characteristic analysis and remote sensing analysis is
used to determine peat distribution and calculate total stored carbon. The
total peatland volume, density and carbon content were calculated to obtain the
total carbon stored. The peat types found are hemic and sapric, where sapric is
mostly distributed near rivers, basal, and the surface, while hemic is found in
the middle area of the peat. The fibric type was not found in the peat coring
area. However, from remote sensing analysis, fibric is likely to be found in
the peat dome. Peat thickness ranges from 0,5 – 7 m. The density value ranges
between 0,1539 gr/ml – 0,6498 gr/ml with an average of 0,2924%. The density
value will become lower as the depth increases. The ash content ranges between
0,077% - 56,382% with an average of 4,1% (very low ash). The carbon content
ranges between 32,66% - 77,58% with an average of 57,5639%. The average carbon
content for hemic is 57,4246% and sapric is 57,7223%. The sulfur content ranges
between 0,12% - 1,73% with an average of 0,2944%. The average sulfur content for
hemic is 0,2676% and sapric is 0,3256%. The carbon content will be higher the
further away from the river, basal, and peatland surface, while the ash and
sulfur content will decrease the further away from the river, basal, and peatland
surface. The volume of peatland in the KHG Sungai Kapuas-Sungai Mandor is 1,299
km3, with total carbon stored of 221,4189 ± 7% MtC.
Kata Kunci : distribusi dan karakteristik gambut, lahan gambut, pengeboran gambut, penginderaan jauh, total karbon
