Determinan Perilaku Keamanan Pangan pada Program Nasional Desa Pangan Aman di Yogyakarta

Puji Lestari, Dr. Dra. Retna Siwi Padmawati, MA ; Dr. Lily Arsanti Lestari, S.T.P., M.P.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menentukan determinan perilaku keamanan pangan pada Program Desa Pangan Aman di Yogyakarta.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari pelaksanaan Program Desa Pangan Aman di Yogyakarta oleh BPOM melalui desain penelitian cross sectional. Responden berjumlah 737 orang berasal dari komunitas remaja, sekolah, ibu rumah tangga, pelaku usaha pangan siap saji, pelaku usaha IRTP, dan pelaku usaha ritel pangan.
Hasil: Karakteristik komunitas menentukan perilaku keamanan pangan. Pada keseluruhan responden, responden dengan sikap baik memiliki kemungkinan perilaku keamanan pangan 1,22 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan responden dengan sikap kurang baik (adjusted PR: 1,22; 95% CI: 1,08-1,39; p-value: 0,02). Pada komunitas IRTP, responden dengan pengetahuan baik memiliki kemungkinan perilaku keamanan pangan 2,54 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan responden dengan pengetahuan kurang (adjusted PR: 2,54; 95% CI: 1,53-4,21; p-value: 0,0001) dan responden yang berlokasi tempat tinggal di dataran rendah memiliki kemungkinan berperilaku keamanan pangan 1,66 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan yang berlokasi tempat tinggal di dataran tinggi/ pegunungan (adjusted PR: 1,66;95% CI: 1,15-2,40; p-value: 0,007). Pada komunitas remaja, perempuan memiliki kemungkinan perilaku keamanan pangan 1,43 kali lebih sesuai dibandingankan laki-laki (adjusted PR: 1,43;95% CI: 1,03-2,00; p-value: 0,035), remaja dengan sikap baik memiliki kemungkinan perilaku keamanan pangan 1,29 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan dengan remaja dengan sikap kurang baik (adjusted PR: 1,29; 95% CI: 1,00-1,66; p-value: 0,049). Pada komunitas pelaku usaha pangan siap saji, kelompok umur 25-34 tahun memiliki kemungkinan berperilaku keamanan pangan 3,74 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan kelompok umur ?55 tahun (adjusted PR:3,74; 95% CI: 1,06-13,17; p-value: 0,041). Pada komunitas pelaku usaha ritel, responden dengan pendidikan tinggi memiliki kemungkinan berperilaku keamanan pangan 1,6 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan dengan kelompok pendidikan dasar (adjusted PR 1,60; 95% CI: 1,074-2,40; p-value: 0,021). Ibu rumah tangga dengan kelompok umur? 55 tahun memiliki kemungkinan perilaku keamanan pangan 1,34 kali lebih sesuai dibandingkan kelompok umur ?24 tahun (adjusted PR: 1,34; 95% CI: 1,06-1,70; p-value: 0,013).
Kesimpulan: Determinan perilaku keamanan pangan pada total responden yaitu asal komunitas dan sikap; pada komunitas pelaku usaha IRTP yaitu pengetahuan dan lokasi tempat tinggal; pada komunitas remaja yaitu jenis kelamin dan sikap; pada komunitas pelaku usaha pangan siap saji dan ibu rumah tangga yaitu umur; pada komunitas ritel yaitu tingkat pendidikan. Faktor penentu perilaku ini, perlu dipertimbangkan dalam intervensi program terkait keamanan pangan.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of food safety behavior in the Safe Food Village Program in Yogyakarta.
Methods: This study used secondary data sources from the implementation of the Safe Food Village Program in Yogyakarta by The Indonesian Food and Drug Authority through a cross sectional research design. This research sample was taken as a total sampling and obtained 737 respondents. The respondents were categorized as housewives, street food vendors, home-industries, and food retailers, youth, school communities.
Results: Community characteristics determine food safety behavior. Overall, respondents with good attitude were 1.22 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behavior than respondents with poor attitude (adjusted PR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.39; p-value: 0.02). In the home-industries community, respondents with good knowledge were 2.54 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behaviors than respondents with poor knowledge (adjusted PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.53-4.21; p-value: 0.0001) and respondents located in lowland areas were 1.66 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behaviors than those located in highland/mountain areas (adjusted PR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.15-2.40; p-value: 0.007). In the adolescent community, females were 1.43 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behavior than males (adjusted PR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03-2.00; p-value: 0.035), adolescents with good attitudes were 1.29 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behavior than adolescents with poor attitudes (adjusted PR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00-1.66; p-value: 0.049). In the street food vendors, those aged 25-34 years old were 3.74 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behaviors than those aged ?55 years old (adjusted PR: 3.74; 95% CI: 1.06-13.17; p-value: 0.041). In the retail business community, respondents with higher education were 1.6 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behavior than those with primary education (adjusted PR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.074-2.40; p-value: 0.021). Housewives with ? 55 years old were 1.34 times more likely to have appropriate food safety behavior than those with ?24 years old (adjusted PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.70; p-value: 0.013).
Conclusion: The determinants of food safety behavior among total respondents were community origin and attitudes. The determinants of food safety behavior in home industry businesses were knowledge and location of residence. The determinants of food safety behavior in the youth community were gender and attitudes. The determinant of food safety behavior in the community of street food entrepreneurs and housewives was age. The determinant of food safety behavior in the retail community was the level of education. These behavioral determinants need to be considered in intervention programs related to food safety.

Kata Kunci : keamanan pangan, perilaku, desa pangan aman/ food safety; behavior; safe food village