KEJADIAN ANAPLASMOSIS PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA SECARA KLINIS DAN LABORATORIS DI TAMAN TERNAK KAMBING KALIGESING

Rendra Nor Wijaya, Dr. drh. Yanuartono, M.P.; Prof. Dr. drh. Joko Prastowo, M.Si

2024 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Anaplasmosis merupakan penyakit infeksius  yang disebabkan oleh Anaplasma spp. yang telah tersebar luas dan berdampak signifikan terhadap produktivitas ternak kambing, bahkan terdapat spesies yang bersifat zoonosis yaitu Anaplasma phagocytophillum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi gejala klinis dan laboratoris anaplasmosis pada kambing peranakan etawa (PE) di Taman Ternak Kambing Kaligesing. Sampel kambing PE berjumlah 60 ekor, dengan pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan mikroskopis pada preparat apus darah, uji darah rutin, kimia darah, serta analisis molekuler menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan mayoritas kasus bersifat subklinis, dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi pada kambing betina dan kambing muda. Pemeriksaan laboratoris menunjukkan nilai parameter darah rutin dalam rentang normal, secara kimia darah diketahui adanya peningkatan Alkaline Phosphatase, total protein dan globulin. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan PCR mengidentifikasi 45% sampel positif terinfeksi Anaplasma spp. Analisis terhadap Anaplasma spp. lebih lanjut menggunakan PCR berhasil mengidentifikasi kejadian Anaplasma phagocytophillum sebanyak 20%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa anaplasmosis pada kambing PE bersifat subklinis dan infeksi Anaplasma phagocytophillum telah terdeteksi di wilayah Kaligesing.

Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Anaplasma spp. that has been widespread and has a significant impact on goat productivity, and there is even a zoonotic species, Anaplasma phagocytophillum. This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory symptoms of anaplasmosis in peranakan etawa (PE) goats at Taman Ternak Kambing Kaligesing. The sample size was 60 PE goats, with physical examination, microscopic examination of blood smear, routine blood tests, blood chemistry, and molecular analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Clinical examination results showed the majority of cases were subclinical, with a higher trend in female goats and young goats. Laboratory examination showed routine blood parameter values within normal ranges, and blood chemistry showed an increase in Alkaline Phosphatase, total protein dan globulin. Microscopy and PCR examination identified 45% of the samples as positive for Anaplasma spp. Further analysis of Anaplasma spp. using PCR identified a 20% incidence of Anaplasma phagocytophillum. The results of this study suggest that anaplasmosis in PE goats is subclinical and the infection of Anaplasma phagocytophillum has been detected in the Kaligesing region.

Kata Kunci : Anaplasmosis, kambing peranakan etawa, Anaplasma spp., Anaplasma phagocytophillum, preparat apus darah, PCR