ANALISIS ISI KEBIJAKAN TENTANG HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN (HKm) DI INDONESIA

BUSMAN , Prof. Dr. Ir. H. San Afri Awang, M. Sc.

2008 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Kebijakan HKm merupakan program pemerintah yang mulai bergulir sejak tahun 1995. Program HKm ini berlandaskan beberapa kebijakan pemerintah, seperti SK Menhut No. 31/Kpts-IV2001 tentang Penyelenggaraan Hutan Kemasyarakatan dan PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-Il/2007 tentang Hutan Kemasyarakatan. Di Gunung Kidul muncul ketidakpuasan kelompok tani hutan kemasyarakatan (KTHK.m) atas isi dan implementasi SK Menhut No. 31/Kpts-lI/200 I, sehingga terjadi konflik antara pemerintah dengan kelompok tani hutan selaku pengelola HKm. Kemudian untuk mengatasi konflik tersebut pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-11/2007. Dari kondisi demikian, diperlukan informasi kebijakan pengelolaan HKm yang meliputi: perbedaan isi kebijakan antara SK Menhut No. 3 l /Kpts-Il/2001 dengan PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-11/2007, dan dampak perubahan kebijakan terhadap aplikasi HKm di lapangan. Untuk mendapatkan informasi kebijakan tersebut, diperlukan suatu analisis kebijakan. Metode yang digunakan bertingkat sesuai dengan tahapan dalam prosedur analisis kebijakan, yaitu perumusan masalah, peramalan, rekomendasi, pemantauan dan evaluasi. Sumber imformasi penelitian diperoleh dari dokumentasi, Dinas Kehutanan, LSM, dan KTHK.m. Guoa melakukan analisis data yang diperoleh sehubungan dengan pemenuhan tujuan pertama penelitian ditempuh dengan metode bertingkat dan analisis data yang diperoleh sehubungan dengan tujuan kedua penelitian ditempuh dengan metode delphi kebijakan. Perbedaan isi kebijakan antara SK Menhut No. 31/Kpts-IV2001 dengan PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-II/2007 terletak pada perizinan dan fasilitasi. Adapun dampak perubahan kedua kebijakan tersebut terhadap aplikasi HKm di lapangan yaitu terdiri atas dampak langsung seperti: IUPHK.m diberikan kepada 6 kabupaten di Indonesia (Lampung Barat, Lampung Utara, Tanggamus, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo, dan Lombok Tengah), mekanisme pengawasan dan pemeliharaan HKm yang dilakukan masyarakat semakin meningkat dengan cara KTHK.m melakukan ronda bergilir untuk mencegah pencurian dan dampak tidak langsung seperti: petani kini meningkatkan keterampilan serta naluri berusaha mereka melalui koperasi, tumbuhnya rasa memiliki dan kepedulian terhadap hutan negara oleh setiap anggota KTHK.m.

The policy of community forest is a government policy which has been started since 1995. This program based on some of government's policies, such as SK Menhut no. 3l/Kpts-Il/2001 about the implementation of community forest and PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-lI/2007 about community forest. ln Gunung Kidul thjs policy's content and implementation has caused less satisfaction and unhappiness among the farmer groups (KTHKm) related with content and implementation of SK Menhut No. 3 l/Kpts-Il/2001, thus pulled the trigger of conflicts involving the government and the farmer groups as the HK.m's executor. The government then released a policy called as PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-11/2007 as a way to resolve the conflict. Stepping forward from this situation, it requires some information of HKm implementation policies including: main difference between SK Menhut No. 31/Kpts-11/2001 and PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-lI/2007, and also the impact from the policy changes into implementation of HKrn in real fact. Gathering the information about this policy needs a kind of policy analysis. The method itself defined as stratified type, according to step by step into policy analysis procedure; that is collecting the problems, prediction, recommendation, monitoring, and evaluation. The research information resources were acquired from documentation, Forestry service, Non Government Organization, and KTHKm (farmer group as executor of HKm). To analyze data which we've got related to fulfill the first purpose of research, we use stratified method and to obtain the second purpose it takes Delphi policy method. The differences between SK Menhut No. 3 l/Kpts-ll/200 I and PERMENHUT No. 37/Kpts-11/2007 were located at its permission and facilitation. However, the impacts of this two policies changes against the implementation of HKrn in Indonesia can be classified as direct impact such as the awarding of JUPHKm to 6 regencies in Indonesia (including West Lampung, North Lampung, Tanggamus, Gunung Kidul, Kulon Progo and Central Lombok), the mechanism of controlling and protecting HKm which treated by community was increased by doing some nice works such as security controlling to prevent wood robbing; and the second impact act as indirect one, can be write here the farmer are now more able to increase both their skill and competition's passion through cooperation, and also the growth of both their care spirit and awareness toward forest state by each member ofKTHKrn

Kata Kunci : Analisis Isi Kebijakan, Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), Dampak.