Kebijakan Integrated Farming System dan Perubahan Sosio-Ekologis di Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah: Perspektif Ekologi Politik
Dina Melisa Hardiyanti, Muchtar Habibi, S.I.P., M.A., Ph.D.`
2024 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik
In realizing sustainable agriculture, Integrated Farming System (IFS) is one of the potential innovations that can be applied to villages with land that is not possible to become an agricultural sector. Many previous studies have focused on improving the technology that supports IFS model farming to be more environmentally friendly, increase food quality, and improve the economy of IFS products. However, the social impact seen by previous scholars is still limited to looking at the influence and perception of the community, especially farmers, towards IFS universally, where farmers tend to be seen as a homogeneous social group. Studies that examine social-ecological changes in IFS have not been found in Central Kalimantan, even on a global scale are still rare.
The research question in this paper is “How does IFS policy shape socio-ecological changes in local agriculture in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan?”. This research aims to analyze the socio-ecological changes of local agriculture from IFS in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan as a form of evaluation of effective government policy programs. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 27 informants who were related to the phenomenon of socio-ecological changes of IFS farming in one of the villages in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan, using observation techniques, interviews, and supporting documents.
The results show that there are changes that occur in the social aspect of the community and the environmental aspect in the Sustainable Integrated Farming demonstration plot. First, in the social aspect, the IFS program in Bahagia Tani Village has formed an exclusion mechanism caused by the power of regulation, coercion, and legitimacy as well as an inclusion mechanism formed by the existence of power nodes. The social disparity that occurs causes access to IFS management only benefits some social actors such as capitalists and most village officials, whose income from agriculture is quite large coupled with their participation in managing IFS. The community benefits greatly because they do not need to prepare capital to manage the demonstration plot and the profit sharing obtained is very sufficient to provide prosperity for the community involved. Second, in terms of the environment, the IFS program in Bahagia Tani Village has been able to increase the C-organic and pH contained in the soil, thus encouraging nutrient recycling, conserving biodiversity, and increasing soil fertility in peaty and acidic land. Third, the IFS program in Bahagia Tani Village socially and economically has not been able to support sustainable agriculture because it has not been able to create equal access to land and agricultural production infrastructure and the income obtained has not been enjoyed by the village community in general. However, ecologically it can support sustainable agriculture because it has been able to improve soil quality indicators and soil organic carbon that can encourage nutrient recycling and biodiversity conservation.
Suggestions for future IFS policies are that it is ecologically feasible to develop on infertile or infeasible land. To change the unequal social order, IFS farming policy can be collaborated simultaneously with land reform policy. What has not been discussed in this research is a study that analyzes the comparison of socio-ecological changes from IFS agriculture between peatland and non-peatland conditions in forming sustainable agricultural patterns.
Kata Kunci : kebijakan, IFS, sosio ekologis, ekologi politik