STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS SERANGGA PENGUNJUNG BUNGA KOPI DALAM SISTEM WANATANI TERINTEGRASI KONSERVASI OWA JAWA DI HUTAN LINDUNG PETUNGKRIYONO

Fanny Sukma Sundari, Drs. Hari Purwanto, M.P., Ph.D

2024 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Perbedaan sistem wanatani mempengaruhi kunjungan serangga bunga kopi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik vegetasi dan mikroklimat di tiga sistem wanatani, membandingkan kemelimpahan dan keanekaragaman serangga pengunjung bunga kopi, mengungkapkan struktur komunitas serangga menurut kelompok taksa dan peran ekologinya, dan menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kunjungan serangga. Penelitian dilakukan di Hutan Lindung Petungkriyono. Terdiri dari tiga sistem wanatani yaitu kopi yang ditanam tanpa naungan (WK-1), di bawah naungan pohon pinus (WK-2), dan di bawah hutan alam (WK-3). Masing-masing terdiri dari tiga ulangan secara spasial. Koleksi serangga dilakukan secara aktif menggunakan sweep net. Karakteristik vegetasi diukur menggunakan plot sebanyak 3 x 3 (180 x 180 m), dan mikroklimat menggunakan data logger. Kerapatan pohon penaung tertinggi pada WK-2 (21 pohon/plot), sementara kerapatan kanopi tertinggi pada WK-3 (80,33%). Suhu mikro terendah terekam pada WK-3 (21,32-26,22°C), sementara tertinggi pada WK-1 (23,64-28,92°C). Secara total ditemukan 3.171 individu serangga dari 104 spesies (40 famili dan 9 ordo). Kemelimpahan tertinggi pada WK-3 (41,88?ri total individu), sementara keanekaragaman tertinggi pada WK-2 (63,46?ri total spesies). Pengunjung bunga kopi terbanyak adalah penyerbuk (87,40?ri total individu) yang didominasi Apidae (83,16?ri total individu). Kemelimpahan dan keanekaragaman penyerbuk tertinggi pada WK-3 (92,24?ri total individu, dan 39,22?ri total spesies). Spesies potensial menjadi penyerbuk adalah T. laeviceps, H. itama, L. terminata, T. sarawakensis, A. cerana, dan A. dorsata. Hasil Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) mengungkapkan kemelimpahan dan keanekaragaman serangga berturut-turut memiliki korelasi positif dan kuat dengan kelembaban udara dan jarak kebun dari hutan (P 0,024). 

Differences in agroforestry systems have implications for coffee flower-visiting insects. This study aimed to analyze the differences between vegetation and microclimate conditions, to compare the abundance and diversity of flower-visiting insects, to categorize the insects based on their ecological roles, and to analyze the correlation between insects and environmental factors. This research was conducted in the Petungkriyono Protected Forest. There are three agroforestry systems coffee grown in unshade (WK-1), coffee grown under pine tree shade (WK-2), and coffee grown under forest shade (WK-3). Each consists of three spatial replicates. Insect collection was done by active sampling using a sweep net. Vegetation characteristics were carried out on a 3 x 3 plot (180 x 180 meters) and microclimate conditions were recorded by a data logger. The results showed that the highest shade density was WK-2 (21 trees/plot), while the canopy cover was WK-3 (80.33%). Based on 180 coffee trees observed, there were 3.171 individuals of 104 species (40 families and 9 orders). Abundance was highest in WK-3 (41.88% of total individuals), while diversity was highest in WK-2 (63.46% of total species). Most coffee flower visitors were pollinators (87.40% of total individuals) dominated by Apidae (83.16%). The abundance and diversity of pollinators were highest in WK-3 (92.24% of total individuals, and 39.22% of total species). The potential pollinators were T. laeviceps, H. itama, L. terminata, T. sarawakensis, A. cerana, dan A. dorsata. Based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), abundance and diversity positively and strongly correlated with air humidity and forest distance, respectively (P 0.024).

Kata Kunci : Agroforestry, coffee pollinators, ecology, Petungkriyono Protected Forest