Characteristics of Traumatic Head Injury Patients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

Mohammed Albucasez Iqbal, dr. Dian Prasetyo Wibisono, M.Sc, Sp. BS; dr. Adiguno Suryo Wicaksono, M.Sc, Sp. BS

2024 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Cedera kepala traumatis, yang biasanya disebabkan oleh kecelakaan lalu lintas saat beraktivitas sehari-hari, telah berubah menjadi kecelakaan di rumah di tengah pandemi COVID-19 karena meningkatnya pekerjaan jarak jauh dan berkurangnya perjalanan ke tempat kerja. Memahami karakteristik dan epidemiologi cedera ini sebelum dan selama pandemi sangatlah penting.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik pasien cedera kepala traumatis sebelum dan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional ini menganalisis rekam medis pasien cedera kepala traumatis di RSUP Dr. Sardjito pada bulan Februari 2018 hingga Februari 2022, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu Februari 2018 hingga Februari 2020 (Grup 1) dan Maret 2020 hingga Februari 2022 (Grup 2). Karakteristik yang diteliti meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, diagnosis, area keterlibatan, tingkat keparahan, dan etiologi.
Hasil: Dengan memeriksa 408 rekam medis dari total 3000 rekam medis, penelitian ini melihat adanya peningkatan kejadian perdarahan epidural dan edema serebral selama pandemi. Cedera kepala traumatik difus juga lebih tinggi pada periode ini. Insiden cedera kepala traumatis lebih tinggi pada laki-laki, namun lebih rendah pada perempuan dibandingkan sebelum pandemi.
Kesimpulan: Selain diagnosis, area keterlibatan, dan jenis kelamin, tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara karakteristik cedera kepala traumatis sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.

Background: Traumatic head injuries, typically caused by traffic accidents during daily activities, have shifted to home accidents amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased remote work and reduced commuting. Understanding the characteristics and epidemiology of these injuries before and during the pandemic is crucial.
Objective: To investigate the difference of characteristics of traumatic head injury patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzes medical records of traumatic head injury patients at RSUP Dr. Sardjito from February 2018 to February 2022, divided into two groups: February 2018 to February 2020 (Group 1) and March 2020 to February 2022 (Group 2). Characteristics studied include age, sex, diagnosis, area of involvement, severity, and etiology.
Results: Examining 408 medical records out of a total of 3000, this study saw increased occurrences of epidural hemorrhages and cerebral edema during the pandemic. Diffuse traumatic head injuries were also higher in this period. The incidence of traumatic head injuries was higher among males but lower among females compared to pre-pandemic levels.
Conclusion: Other than diagnosis, area of involvement, and sex, there were no significant differences between the characteristics of traumatic head injuries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : characteristics of traumatic head injury, COVID-19, pandemic