Hubungan Diplomatik Indonesia – Portugal, 1950 – 1999

WHELI SUTRA PRADANA, Dr. Widya Fitria Ningsih, M.A.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU SEJARAH

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai sejarah terjalinnya hubungan diplomatik Indonesia – Portugal dari 1950 hingga 1999. Selama periode tersebut, hubungan diplomatik kedua negara mengalami berbagai dinamika yang diakibatkan oleh situasi politik dan kebijakan politik luar negeri. Pada periode ini sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kedua negara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari persoalan Timor Portugis atau Timor Timur. Sebagian besar penelitian yang telah ada mengenai hubungan Indonesia – Portugal, memiliki fokus kecenderungan pada masa emporium - imperium, terutama abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-17. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah melalui penelusuran sumber arsip dan surat kabar serta sumber sekunder, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan diplomatik Indonesia – Portugal dari 1950 hingga 1999 mengalami beberapa fase. Fase pertama terjadi pada 1950an ketika pertama kalinya hubungan diplomatik kedua negara terjalin dan isu Timor Portugis belum menjadi persoalan politik kedua negara. Fase kedua terjadi pada 1960an hingga 1970an ketika hubungan diplomatik kedua negara terputus akibat kebijakan politik luar negeri anti-Nekolim Demokrasi Terpimpin. Fase ketiga terjadi pada 1970an hingga 1990an, ketika hubungan diplomatik sempat dipulihkan kembali pasca terjadinya pergantian rezim di kedua negara. Namun, invasi Indonesia ke Timor Portugis atau Timor Timur pada 1975 mengakibatkan hubungan diplomatik kembali terputus dalam waktu yang lama hingga runtuhnya rezim Soeharto.

This research examines the history of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Portugal from 1950 to 1999. During this period, diplomatic relations between the two countries experienced various dynamics caused by the political situation and foreign policy. This period also shows that the relationship between the two countries cannot be separated from the issue of Portuguese Timor or East Timor. Most of the existing research on Indonesia - Portugal relations focuses on the emporium - imperium period, especially from the 16th to the 17th century. By using historical research methods through archival and newspaper sources as well as secondary sources, it can be concluded that diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Portugal from 1950 to 1999 experienced several phases. The first phase occurred in the 1950s when diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established and the issue of Portuguese Timor had not yet become a political issue between the two countries. The second phase occurred in the 1960s to 1970s when diplomatic relations between the two countries were severed due to the anti-Nekolim foreign policy of Guided Democracy. The third phase occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s, when diplomatic relations were restored after a regime change in both countries. However, Indonesia's invasion of Portuguese Timor or East Timor in 1975 resulted in diplomatic relations being severed again for a long time until the fall of the Soeharto regime.

Kata Kunci : Hubungan diplomatik, Kebijakan politik luar negeri, Indonesia, Portugal, Timor Timur, Dialog Tripartit.