Suplementasi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) terhadap Struktur Histologis Otot Skelet Mencit (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) dengan Pakan Rendah Protein
Raquellynda Fadilla Syafanisa, Dr. Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si., M.Kes.
2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Defisiensi protein menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan dan perubahan struktur
histologis pada otot skelet. Hal ini berdampak pada terhambatnya pertumbuhan dan
penyusutan massa tubuh dan dapat mencapai separuh dari ukuran normal. Asupan
protein berfungsi untuk mencegah penyusutan massa tubuh sekaligus memperbaiki
kondisi otot skelet setelah mengalami kerusakan. Kacang bambara dengan
kandungan asam amino esensial dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi
permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh
suplementasi kacang bambara (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) terhadap struktur
histologis otot skelet mencit (Mus musculus L.) defisiensi protein. Penelitian
menggunakan 25 ekor mencit betina dengan 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok
perlakuan. Mencit diberi pakan kontrol, defisiensi protein, atau defisiensi protein
dengan suplementasi kacang bambara selama 2 bulan. Kemudian, otot skelet bagian
gastrocnemius dikoleksi dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin. Parameter pengamatan berupa pengukuran morfometri dan skoring
kerusakan jaringan otot skelet. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara
kelompok kontrol dengan defisiensi protein pada luas fasikulus, luas serabut otot,
diameter serabut otot, dan jumlah serabut otot. Pada kelompok perlakuan
suplementasi kacang bambara, perbedaan siginifikan hanya tampak pada parameter
luas fasikulus, luas serabut otot, dan diameter serabut otot. Pengamatan kerusakan
jaringan menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi protein mengakibatkan otot skelet
mengalami degenerasi dan splitting myofiber. Pemberian suplementasi kacang
bambara menunjukkan proses regenerasi sel dengan tampaknya inti di bagian
tengah serabut otot skelet. Dengan demikian, kacang bambara terbukti mampu
mencegah dan memperbaiki kerusakan struktur histologis otot skelet mencit
defisiensi protein.
Protein deficiency causes tissue damage and changes in the histological
structure of skeletal muscle. This is causing stunted growth and reduced body mass
up to half of normal. The importance of fulfilling protein intake serves to prevent
reducing of body mass and improve the condition of skeletal muscle after damage.
Bambara groundnuts which contain essential amino acids can be a solution to
overcome this problem. This research was aimed to examine the effect of bambara
groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) supplementation on the histological
structure of skeletal muscle of protein-deficient mice (Mus musculus L.). The
research used 25 female mice with 1 control group and 4 treatment group. Mice
were given standard, protein-deficient, or protein-deficient diet supplemented with
bambara groundnut for 2 months. Then, the skeletal muscle of the gastrocnemius
was collected using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.
Observation parameters include tissue morphometric measurements, tissue damage
scoring, and the histological structure of skeletal muscle tissue. The results of this
study showed that there were significant differences between the control group with
protein deficiency in fasciculus area, muscle fiber area, muscle fiber diameter, and
muscle fiber number. In the bambara groundnut supplementation treatment group,
significant differences were only seen in the parameters of fasciculus area, muscle
fiber area and muscle fiber diameter. The results showed that protein deficiency
causes skeletal muscle to undergo myofiber degeneration and splitting. Bambara
groundnut supplementation showed a cell regeneration process with apparently
nuclei in central of skeletal muscle fibers. Thus, bambara groundnuts were proven
to be able to prevent and repair damage to the histological structure of skeletal
muscle in protein-deficient mice.
Kata Kunci : defisiensi protein, kacang bambara, mencit, otot skelet, struktur histologis