Pengaruh Vaksinasi COVID-19 Terhadap Kejadian dan Tingkat Keparahan Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Pasien COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

Pramudya Kurniawan, Dr. dr. Deshinta Putri Mulya, M.Sc., SpPD, KAI; dr. Ika Trisnawati, M.Sc., SpPD, KP

2024 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Penyakit Dalam

Latar Belakang: Virus SARS-CoV-2 telah menyebabkan infeksi pada populasi manusia di seluruh dunia dan memakan jutaan korban jiwa. Vaksinasi dinilai sebagai pendekatan yang paling menjanjikan dalam mengatasi pandemi COVID-19. Vaksinasi COVID-19 telah diimplementasikan secara luas di seluruh dunia dan terbukti bermanfaat dalam menurunkan transmisi, kejadian infeksi berat dan kematian akibat COVID-19. Hingga saat ini, masih belum diketahui pengaruh dari vaksinasi COVID-19 terhadap penurunan angka kejadian dan tingkat keparahan acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pada pasien COVID-19 di Indonesia, khususnya pada pasien yang membutuhkan perawatan di rumah sakit.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah status vaksinasi COVID-19 menurunkan angka kejadian dan mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian cross sectional dengan mengambil data seluruh pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito pada periode 1 Januari 2021 hingga 31 Desember 2022. Analisa statistik multivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan logistic regression untuk menghitung OR (Odds Ratio) untuk mengetahui pengaruh status vaksinasi terhadap angka kejadian dan tingkat keparahan ARDS pada pasien COVID-19, hasil dinyatakan bermakna secara statistik bila nilai p < 0>confidence interval 95%.

Hasil: Didapatkan 1213 subyek yang diteliti, 769 (63%) subyek usia < 60 p=0,015,>

Kesimpulan: Status vaksinasi COVID-19 menurunkan angka kejadian dan mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan ARDS pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused infections in human populations worldwide, claiming millions of lives. Vaccination is considered the most promising approach to address the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 vaccination has been widely implemented globally and has proven beneficial in reducing transmission, severe infection incidents, and COVID-19-related deaths. To date, the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on the reduction of incidence and severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia, especially those requiring hospital care, remains unknown.
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate whether the COVID-19 vaccination status reduce the incidence rate and impacts the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in confirmed COVID-19 patients undergoing treatment at RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research method, gathering data from all COVID-19 patients treated at RSUP Dr. Sardjito from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Multivariate statistical analysis utilized the Chi-Square test and logistic regression to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) to determine the impact of vaccination status on the incidence rate and severity of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Results were deemed statistically significant if the p-value was < 0>

Results: A total of 1213 subjects were included in the study, with 769 (63%) subjects under the age of 60, and 638 (53%) subjects male, with a median Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23.9 (22.0 – 26.6). The vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were compared regarding the occurrence and severity of ARDS. The findings revealed that vaccination decreased the occurrence of ARDS by 58% (p<0 p=0.015)>

Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccination status reduces the incidence and affect the severity of ARDS in confirmed COVID-19 patients underwent treatment at RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Kata Kunci : Vaksin, COVID-19, ARDS