PENGARUH SUSUNAN KATALIS Co DAN Mo TEREMBAN PADA H-MORDENIT DALAM REAKTOR TERHADAP YIELD BIOAVTUR HASIL HYDROTREATMENT MINYAK GORENG SAWIT
ANGGITTA NUR SAFITRI, Prof. Drs. Karna Wijaya, M.Eng., Dr.rer.nat; Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.S., Ph.D., Eng.
2024 | Skripsi | KIMIA
Sintesis
katalis berbasis logam Co dan Mo yang diembankan pada H-mordenit melalui metode
impregnasi kering telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
mempelajari pengaruh susunan katalis H-mordenit, Co/Mor, Mo/Mor, Co/Mor–Co/Mor,
Mo/Mor–Mo/Mor, dan Co/Mor–Mo/Mor terhadap yield bioavtur utama dalam hydrotreatment
minyak goreng sawit. Logam yang diimpregnasikan berasal dari larutan prekursor
CoCl2.6H2O dan (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O.
Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumen FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, SAA, dan NH3-TPD.
Uji aktivitas katalis dilakukan melalui hydrotreatment minyak goreng
sawit fraksi I (200–450 °C) dan fraksi II (450–550 °C) menggunakan reaktor semi-batch
dengan pemanas ganda dalam sistem one-pot double-decker dengan rasio
berat umpan minyak goreng sawit dan katalis sebesar 1:100 (b/v). Proses hydrotreatment
dilakukan pada suhu reaktor katalis sebesar 200 °C dan suhu reaktor umpan
sebesar 200–550 °C, serta pada tekanan atmosferik. Gas hidrogen dialirkan
melewati flowmeter menuju reaktor wadah umpan selama 180 menit dengan laju alir
gas sebesar 20 mL menit–1. Produk cair hasil reaksi dianalisis
menggunakan instrumen GC-MS. Yield bioavtur utama hasil hydrotreatment
pada susunan katalis tertinggi dianalisis dengan instrumen FT-IR.
Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umpan minyak goreng sawit mengandung senyawa
dominan berupa asam oleat (44,38%) dan asam palmitat (39,90%). Katalis Co/Mor
dan Mo/Mor telah berhasil dipreparasi dengan metode impregnasi kering cara
semprot (spray) dengan kandungan logam Co dan Mo yang terdeteksi SEM-EDX
dalam katalis Co/Mor dan Mo/Mor berturut-turut 4,69 dan 19,73%. Katalis Co/Mor
dan Mo/Mor menunjukkan karakter luas permukaan spesifik berturut-turut sebesar 278,92
dan 286,17 m2 g-1; rerata diameter pori sebesar 2,95 dan
2,52 nm, dan keasaman total sebesar 2,19 dan 1,46 mmol g-1. Susunan
katalis Co/Mor–Mo/Mor menghasilkan konversi produk cair, yield bioavtur,
dan yield bioavtur utama paling optimum berturut-turut sebesar 31,0%,
29,8%, dan 11,2%.
Synthesis
of Co and Mo metal-based catalysts supported on H-mordenite by the dry
impregnation method has been carried out. The aim of this research is to evaluated
the effect of the catalyst arrangement H-mordenite, Co/Mor, Mo/Mor,
Co/Mor–Co/Mor, Mo/Mor–Mo/Mor, and Co/Mor–Mo/Mor on the main bioavtur yield in
the hydrotreatment of palm cooking oil. Metal support H-mordenite was carried
out by spraying using solutions of the CoCl2.6H2O and (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O
precursors. The catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, SAA, and
NH3-TPD instruments. The catalyst activity test was carried out
through hydrotreatment of palm cooking oil fraction I (200–450 °C) and fraction
II (450–550 °C) using a semi-batch reactor with double heaters in a one-pot
double-decker system with the feed weight ratio of palm cooking oil and catalyst
is 1:100 (w/v). The hydrotreatment process is carried out at a catalyst reactor
temperature of 200 °C and a feed reactor temperature of 200–550 °C, as well as
at atmospheric pressure. Hydrogen gas flows through the flowmeter to the
reactor feed container for 150 minutes with a gas flow rate of 20 mL min-1. The
liquid reaction product was analyzed using a GC-MS instrument. The main
bioavtur yield resulting from hydrotreatment on the highest catalyst
arrangement was analyzed using an FT-IR instrument.
The
research results showed that palm cooking oil feed contained the dominant
compounds in the form of oleic acid (44.38%) and palmitic acid (39.90%). Co/Mor
and Mo/Mor catalysts have been successfully prepared using the spray dry
impregnation method with the Co and Mo metal content detected by SEM-EDX in the
Co/Mor and Mo/Mor catalysts respectively 4.69 and 19.73%. Co/Mor and Mo/Mor
catalysts showed specific surface area characteristics of 278.92 and 286.17 m2
g-1, the average pore diameter was 2.95 and 2.52 nm, and the total
acidity was 2.19 and 1.46 mmol g-1, respectively. The Co/Mor–Mo/Mor
catalyst arrangement produced the highest conversion of liquid, bioaviation
yields, and main bioaviation yields were 31.0%, 29.8%, and 11.2%, respectively.
Kata Kunci : bioavtur, hydrotreatment, minyak goreng sawit, mordenit