PENGARUH SUSUNAN KATALIS Co DAN Mo TEREMBAN PADA KARBON AKTIF DALAM REAKTOR DOUBLE BATCH TERHADAP YIELD BIOAVTUR HASIL HYDROTREATMENT MINYAK GORENG SAWIT

UNIKE KHAERANI SALMAYANTI, Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.S., Ph.D., Eng. ; Prof. Dr.rer.nat Karna Wijaya, M.Eng.

2024 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Telah dilakukan sintesis katalis berbasis logam Co dan Mo yang diembankan pada material karbon aktif melalui metode impregnasi kering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh impregnasi terhadap karakteristik katalis C, Co/C, dan Mo/C serta mempelajari pengaruh susunan katalis single layer dan double layer dalam reaktor terhadap yield bioavtur pada hydrotreatment minyak goreng sawit. Impregnasi logam Co dan Mo dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi kering cara semprot (spray) menggunakan larutan prekursor kobalt (II) klorida heksahidrat (CoCl₂.6H₂O) dan ammonium heptamolibdat tetrahidrat [(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O]. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumen FTIR, XRD, Sem-EDX, SAA, dan NH₃-TPD. Uji aktivitas katalis dilakukan melalui hydrotreatment minyak goreng sawit dengan variasi susunan katalis menggunakan reaktor semi-batch dengan pemanas ganda dalam sistem one pot double decker. Produk cair hasil reaksi dianalisis menggunakan instrumen GC-MS.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis Co/C dan Mo/C memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 668,47 dan 743,60 m² g^-1; volume pori total sebesar 0,58 dan 0,64 cm³ g^-1; rerata diameter pori sebesar 3,47 dan 3,43 nm; serta keasaman total sebesar 0,54 dan 2,27 mmol g^-1. Umpan minyak goreng mengandung senyawa dominan berupa asam palmitat sebesar 39,9?n asam oleat sebesar 44,38%. Susunan katalis Mo/C-Mo/C merupakan susunan katalis yang menghasilkan yield optimum dengan yield bioavtur sebesar 36,03?n bioavtur utama sebesar 13,57%. 

A synthesis of metal-based catalysts Co and Mo supported on activated carbon material has been carried out using the dry impregnation method. The aim of this research is to study the effects of impregnation on the characteristics of catalysts C, Co/C, and Mo/C, as well as to investigate the impact of single-layer and double-layer catalyst arrangements in a reactor on biojet fuel yield during the hydrotreatment of palm cooking oil. Impregnation of Co and Mo metals was carried out by spray-dry impregnation method using cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl₂.6H₂O) and ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate [(NH₄)6Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O] solutions as precursors. The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, SAA, and NH3-TPD instruments. Catalyst activity tests were conducted through the hydrotreatment of palm cooking oil with variations in catalyst arrangements using a semi-batch reactor with dual heating in a one-pot double-decker system. The liquid products obtained from the reaction were analyzed using a GC-MS instrument.

Research findings indicate that the Co/C and Mo/C catalysts have a surface area of 668,47 and 743,60 m²/g, total pore volume of 0,58 and 0,64 cm³/g, average pore diameter of 3.47 and 3.43 nm, and total acidity of 0,54 and 2,27 mmol/g, respectively. The feedstock, consisting of cooking oil, contains dominant compounds including 39,9% palmitic acid and 44,38% oleic acid. The Mo/C-Mo/C catalyst configuration yielded optimal results, producing a bio-jet fuel yield of 36,03%, with a primary bio-jet fuel yield of 13,57%.

Kata Kunci : bioavtur, hydrotreatment, karbon aktif, minyak goreng sawit