Cili dalam kehidupan masyarakat Hindu Bali :: Kajian bentuk, fungsi, dan makna simbolisnya

SILA, I Nyoman, Prof.Drs. SP. Gustami, SU

2004 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Penelitian tesis ini berusaha mengungkap permasalahan Cili dalam konteks sosial-budaya. Bentuk, fungsi, dan Cili dalam kehidupan masyarakat Hindu Bali diteliti melalui pendekatan estetika yang didukung ilmu lain, di antaranya disiplin sosial dan budaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, observasi, dan wawancara, disertai rekaman dokumentasi. Semua data diidentifikasi, diseleksi, dan diklasifikasi sesuai jenis data, dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Kemunculan Cili di Bali sangat terkait dengan kehidupan sosial keagamaan yang selalu menjaga dan memelihara bahkan memberi perubahan dalam bentuk dan fungsinya, sejalan dengan perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Perwujudan Cili sangat beragam sesuai kebutuhan upacara ritual, seperti sasap berbentuk geometris fungsinya sebagai penyucian, kewangen berbentuk kipas untuk sarana sembahyang, sampeyan penjor bentuk kepala dan rumbai digantung di ujung penjor, lamak Cili berbentuk geometris simbol manusia, salang dua manusia simbol Sri dan Sadana, topeng gebogan bentuk wajah manusia dipasang di atas banten gebogan sebagai persembahan, sarad bentuk Cili dari beras/ketan dirangkai dalam bentuk gunungan. Dewi Sri dibuat dari lontar, berkaitan dengan upacara kesuburan tanaman padi. Perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat secara eksternal dan internal berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan bentuk dan fungsi Cili, yaitu sebagai produk ekonomi yang menunjang pariwisata. Cili dibuat sebagai barang cenderamata dan benda hias, seperti hiasan taman dibuat dari tanah liat, patung dewi Sri dibuat dari uang kepeng, hiasan dinding dari kayu dan batu padas, Cili dari lontar, dan Cili sebagai objek lukisan.

This thesis research attempts to explore the problems of Cili in the social and cultural context. The form, function, and Cili in the life of the Hindi society in Bali are researched by an aesthetical approach supported with other branch of science, one of them is the social and cultural discipline. The data collection process is conducted with the study of literature, observation, interview, and documentation record. All the collected data are identified, selected and classified in accordance with the sort of data and then analyzed qualitatively. The emergence of Cili in Bali was related to the socio-religious life, constantly preserved and maintained, having resulted in the changes of form and function simultaneously with ones occurred in society. Manifestations of the Cili varied, such as sasap whose form is geometrical and functioning as the purification means, kewangen whose form is a fan as the worship means, sampeyan penjor whose form are a head and tassels of janur hanged at the end of penjor, lamak Cili whose form is geometrical as a symbol of the human being, salang which are two men as the symbols of Sri and Sadana, topeng gebogan whose form is a man face that lain on the Banten gebogan as a ritual offering, sarad which is one form of Cili made of sticky rice set in the form of gunungan. Dewi Sri is made of lontar, related to the ritual ceremony as a symbol of fertility of rice. Changes occurred in the society externally and internally have influenced on the development of its form and function, those are products of economy supporting tourism. Today Cili is made as souvenirs and aesthetical objects such as garden adornment made of clay, sculpture of Dewi Sri made of kepeng (coin with square hole in center formerly worth 1 /8 of a cent in the colonial era), wall adornment made of wood and rock, Cili made of lontar and Cili as an object of painting.

Kata Kunci : Karya Seni Bali,Cili,Bentuk dan Makna Simbolisnya