Risk-Need-Responsivity sebagai Prinsip Dasar Asesmen dalam Rangka Pembinaan Khusus bagi Anak Binaan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

TJOKORDA ISTRI DIAH CANDRA PERMATASARI, Sri Wiyanti Eddyono, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU HUKUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis kebijakan terkait asesmen dan pembinaan Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di LPKA serta untuk menganalisis prinsip risk-need-responsivity yang diterapkan di Kanada dalam rangka menunjang pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di Indonesia.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris. Jenis data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapat melalui wawancara terhadap responden yaitu Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II Yogyakarta, serta narasumber yaitu Deputi Bidang Perlindungan Khusus Anak Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan Dosen Psikologi. Adapun data sekunder bersumber dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan antara lain pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach), dan pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua kesimpulan: Pertama, telah terdapat sejumlah instrumen asesmen ditujukan bagi Anak Binaan di LPKA, seperti instrumen penilaian risiko dan faktor kriminogenik anak, instrumen pengasuhan anak, instrumen asesmen risiko residivisme Indonesia, serta instrumen screening penempatan narapidana. Akan tetapi, asesmen masih bersifat umum dan tidak terdapat asesmen khusus maupun pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual. Kedua, menurunnya tingkat residivisme seksual di Kanada dipengaruhi oleh sikap kepatuhan terhadap prinsip-prinsip risk-need-responsivity serta penggunaan instrumen asesmen khusus untuk kejahatan seksual remaja. Pembentukan asesmen khusus serta pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di Indonesia menjadi penting dalam rangka mencegah pengulangan tindak pidana ketika telah dewasa.

This research aims to analyze policies related to assessment and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders of sexual violence at LPKA (Child Offenders Institution) and to analyze the principle of risk-need-responsivity applied in Canada to support specialized rehabilitation for juvenile offenders of sexual violence in Indonesia.

The research method used is normative-empirical legal research. The types of data used include primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews with respondents from the Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the Special Children's Rehabilitation Institution Class II in Yogyakarta, as well as experts such as the Deputy for Special Child Protection at the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and a Psychology Lecturer. Secondary data were sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature studies. Approaches used include statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach.

The research findings two conclusions: First, there are already a number of assessment instruments aimed at juvenile offenders at LPKA, such as risk assessment and criminogenic factor assessment tools for children, parenting assessment instruments, Indonesian recidivism risk assessment instruments, and inmate placement screening instruments. However, the assessments are still general, and there are no specific assessments or specialized rehabilitation programs for juvenile offenders of sexual violence. Second, the decrease in sexual recidivism rates in Canada is influenced by adherence to the principles of risk-need-responsivity and the use of specialized assessment tools for adolescent sexual offenses. The establishment of specific assessments and specialized rehabilitation for juvenile offenders of sexual violence in Indonesia is important to prevent recidivism when they reach adulthood.

Kata Kunci : Risk-Need-Responsivity, Asesmen, Pembinaan Khusus, Anak Binaan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual