Risk-Need-Responsivity sebagai Prinsip Dasar Asesmen dalam Rangka Pembinaan Khusus bagi Anak Binaan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual
TJOKORDA ISTRI DIAH CANDRA PERMATASARI, Sri Wiyanti Eddyono, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D.
2024 | Skripsi | ILMU HUKUM
Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk menganalis kebijakan terkait asesmen dan pembinaan Anak
Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di LPKA serta untuk menganalisis prinsip
risk-need-responsivity yang diterapkan di Kanada dalam rangka menunjang
pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di Indonesia.
Metode
penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris. Jenis data
yang digunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapat
melalui wawancara terhadap responden yaitu Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan
Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas
II Yogyakarta, serta narasumber yaitu Deputi Bidang Perlindungan Khusus Anak
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dan Dosen Psikologi.
Adapun data sekunder bersumber dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier
yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan antara lain
pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual
(conseptual approach), dan pendekatan komparatif (comparative
approach).
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan dua kesimpulan: Pertama, telah terdapat sejumlah instrumen
asesmen ditujukan bagi Anak Binaan di LPKA, seperti instrumen penilaian risiko
dan faktor kriminogenik anak, instrumen pengasuhan anak, instrumen asesmen
risiko residivisme Indonesia, serta instrumen screening penempatan
narapidana. Akan tetapi, asesmen masih bersifat umum dan tidak terdapat asesmen
khusus maupun pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak pidana kekerasan
seksual. Kedua, menurunnya tingkat residivisme seksual di Kanada
dipengaruhi oleh sikap kepatuhan terhadap prinsip-prinsip risk-need-responsivity
serta penggunaan instrumen asesmen khusus untuk kejahatan seksual remaja.
Pembentukan asesmen khusus serta pembinaan khusus bagi Anak Binaan tindak
pidana kekerasan seksual di Indonesia menjadi penting dalam rangka mencegah
pengulangan tindak pidana ketika telah dewasa.
This research aims to analyze policies related
to assessment and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders of sexual violence at
LPKA (Child Offenders Institution) and to analyze the principle of
risk-need-responsivity applied in Canada to support specialized rehabilitation
for juvenile offenders of sexual violence in Indonesia.
The research method used is normative-empirical
legal research. The types of data used include primary data and secondary data.
Primary data were obtained through interviews with respondents from the
Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and
the Special Children's Rehabilitation Institution Class II in Yogyakarta, as
well as experts such as the Deputy for Special Child Protection at the Ministry
of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and a Psychology Lecturer.
Secondary data were sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal
materials obtained through literature studies. Approaches used include
statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach.
The research findings two conclusions: First,
there are already a number of assessment instruments aimed at juvenile
offenders at LPKA, such as risk assessment and criminogenic factor assessment
tools for children, parenting assessment instruments, Indonesian recidivism
risk assessment instruments, and inmate placement screening instruments.
However, the assessments are still general, and there are no specific
assessments or specialized rehabilitation programs for juvenile offenders of
sexual violence. Second, the decrease in sexual recidivism rates in Canada is
influenced by adherence to the principles of risk-need-responsivity and the use
of specialized assessment tools for adolescent sexual offenses. The
establishment of specific assessments and specialized rehabilitation for
juvenile offenders of sexual violence in Indonesia is important to prevent
recidivism when they reach adulthood.
Kata Kunci : Risk-Need-Responsivity, Asesmen, Pembinaan Khusus, Anak Binaan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual