PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN HASIL DAN KUALITAS UMBI BENIH DUA VARIETAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L. Kelompok Aggregatum)
Tri Budi Winarto, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc.;Valentina Dwi Suci Handayani, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2024 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI
The availability of shallot seed bulbs in Indonesia poses a problem in shallot cultivation. Shallot seed bulbs can be used in cultivation after bulbs stored for 2–4 months, medium-sized (diameter 1.5 cm – 1.8 cm or weight 2–4 g), undamaged, and plump. Increasing the availability of seed bulbs is necessary to fulfill seed bulb demand. Cultivation for consumption bulbs requires an optimal planting distance to produce large bulbs. However, for seed bulb production, planting distance needs to be reduced to limit plant spaces so that bulb development can be suppressed. Thus, the bulbs produced will have a medium size and the quantity of seed bulb production can be increased. This study aimed to determine the effect of different planting distances on the growth and yield of seed bulbs of two shallot varieties. The research conducted in Samiran, Kretek, Bantul, D. I. Yogyakarta from June to August 2023. The research design used was a split plot design with two treatment factors: shallot varieties as the main plots, including Crok Kuning and Tajuk varieties, and planting distance arrangements as the subplots consisting of three levels: 10 cm x 20 cm, 15 cm x 20 cm, and 20 cm x 20 cm. Each treatment combination replicated four times as blocks, resulting in 24 experimental units. The results showed that two varieties produced similarly bulb seed yield, Crok Kuning 13.29 tons/ha and Tajuk 14.29 tons/ha. Planting distances influenced bulb quantity and productivity, planting distance of 10 cm x 20 cm yields higher results compared to planting distances of 15 cm x 20 cm and 20 cm x 20 cm, with a bulb yield of 266.88 and productivity of 16.06 tons/ha. Based on the research results and regression analysis, it can be concluded that shallot varieties Crok Kuning and Tajuk can be cultivated to produce seed bulbs using the optimal planting distance of 7.8 cm x 20 cm, resulting in a bulb yield of 258.49 or equivalent to 15.36 tons/ha.
Kata Kunci : ukuran umbi,hasil umbi,produktivitas,kualitas benih,bulb size,bulb yield,productivity,seed quality