Gambaran Kejadian Alergi Pada Anak Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Persepsi Masyarakat
ALYA SALSABILA DEWANTHO, apt. Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid, M.Eng., Ph.D. ; apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, MPH., Ph.D. ?
2024 | Skripsi | FARMASI
Angka kejadian alergi semakin meningkat tiap tahun di setiap negara sehingga harus diwaspadai. Data terkait kejadian alergi pada anak di Indonesia masih jarang ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian alergi, faktor risiko, dan alergen pada anak sekolah menengah ke atas di Kota Yogyakarta.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan potong silang (cross-sectional). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas satu hingga tiga sekolah menengah atas. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode two stages cluster sampling. Responden penelitian adalah orang tua atau wali siswa dari sekolah menengah atas yang terpilih di Kota Yogyakarta. Digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner online yang diberikan melalui Google Form kepada responden. Kuesioner diuji validitasnya dengan uji face validity. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kemudian variabel faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat alergi keluarga dan riwayat alergi dihubungkan dengan chi square.
Hasil penelitian pada 177 responden dari enam sekolah menengah atas di Kota Yogyakarta menunjukkan gambaran kejadian alergi berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat sebesar 45,8%. Terdapat kesetaraan hasil jenis alergi dari diagnosis dokter dan perspektif responden yaitu alergi suhu, debu, dan makanan. Faktor risiko yang paling mempengaruhi terjadinya alergi yaitu riwayat alergi pada keluarga inti dengan nilai p<0>
The incidence of allergies is increasing every year in every country, so you have to be careful. Data regarding the incidence of allergies in children in Indonesia is still rare. This study aims to determine the incidence of allergies, risk factors and allergens in middle and high school children in the city of Yogyakarta.
This research uses an observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were students in grades one to three of high school. Sampling was taken using the two stages cluster sampling method. Research respondents were parents or guardians of students from selected high schools in Yogyakarta City. An instrument was used in the form of an online questionnaire which was given via Google Form to respondents. The validity of the questionnaire was tested using a face validity test. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively then the risk factor variables age, gender, family history of allergies and history of allergies were connected using chi square.
The results of research on 177 respondents from six high schools in the city of Yogyakarta showed that the incidence of allergies based on public perception was 45.8%. There is equality in the results of types of allergies from the doctor's diagnosis and the respondent's perspective, namely temperature, dust and food allergies. The risk factor that most influences the occurrence of allergies is a history of allergies in the immediate family with a p value <0>
Kata Kunci : Alergi pada anak, sekolah menengah atas, alergen, faktor risiko