Pengaruh Penambahan Kitosan terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Nilai Kuat Tarik Biodegradable Foam dari Onggok Aren dan Jerami Padi

HASNA' DHIYA' AMIRA, Arita Dewi Nugrahini, S.T.P., M.T., Ph.D.; Moh. Affan Fajar Falah, S.T.P., M.Agr., Ph.D.

2024 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Biodegradable foam (biofoam) merupakan kemasan ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar pati yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengganti styrofoam. Penggunaan styrofoam yang masif dapat menyebabkan penumpukan sampah akibat sifat degradasi styrofoam yang rendah. Pengembangan kemasan ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan produk sisa hasil pertanian masih terus dilakukan untuk menghasilkan biofoam yang mudah terdegradasi. 

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan biofoam dengan variasi penambahan kitosan (0%; 10%; 20%; 30%) ke dalam komposisi bahan (30:30%; 40:20%; 50:10%), serta bahan lainnya, seperti PVA, MgS, dan gliserol. Bahan dasar pembuatan biofoam yakni onggok aren dengan kandungan amilosa (6,48%) dan amilopektin (41,10%), serta jerami padi dengan kandungan selulosa (35,57%). Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pre-treatment yakni biodelignifikasi jerami padi dengan enzim laccase, bio-bleaching jerami padi dengan enzim xylanase, dan penghalusan onggok aren. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan biofoam adalah metode thermopressing dengan bantuan mesin kempa panas selama 22 – 25 menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap biofoam, antara lain uji densitas, uji daya serap air, uji biodegradasi, dan kuat tarik. Hasil pengujian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji beda, dan regresi linear berganda. 

Sampel A3K2 memiliki nilai daya serap air yang rendah sebesar 5,97?n nilai kuat tarik tertinggi sebesar 1,485 MPa. Sampel A1K3 memiliki kerapatan terbesar yakni 0,411 gram/cm3, serta sampel A1K1 memiliki tingkat biodegradasi terendah yakni 11%. Berdasarkan uji post hoc, penambahan kitosan 20?n 30% memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai biodegradasi biofoam.

Biodegradable foam (biofoam) is environmentally friendly packaging made from starch which can be used as an alternative to Styrofoam. Massive use of styrofoam can cause a buildup of waste due to styrofoam's low degradation properties. The development of environmentally friendly packaging by utilizing agricultural waste products is still ongoing to produce biofoam that is easily degraded.

In this research, biofoam was made with variations in the addition of chitosan (0%; 10%; 20%; 30%) to the composition of the material (30:30%; 40:20%; 50:10%), as well as other materials, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), magnesium stearate (MgS), and glycerol. The basic ingredients are sugar palm dregs containing amylose (6.48%) and amylopectin (41.10%), as well as rice straw containing cellulose (35.57%). In this research, pre-treatment was carried out, namely biodelignification of rice straw with laccase enzymes, bio-bleaching of rice straw with xylanase enzymes, and grinding of sugar palm dregs. The method used in making biofoam is the thermopressing method with the help of a hot press machine for 22 – 25 minutes. Tests carried out on biofoam include density, water absorption, biodegradation and tensile strength. The test results were analyzed statistically using the normality test, homogeneity test, difference test, and multiple linear regression.

Sample A3K2 has a low water absorption value (5,97%) and the highest tensile strength value (1,485 MPa). Sample A1K3 has the greatest density (0,411 gram/cm3, and sample A1K1 has a low level of biodegradation (11%). Based on post hoc tests, the addition of 20% and 30% chitosan had a significant effect on the biodegradation value of biofoam.

Kata Kunci : Biodelignifikasi, biofoam, jerami padi, kitosan, onggok aren