Tingkat kesenjangan kemiskinan di daerah irigasi Kalibawang Kabupaten Kulon Progo

IRWANSYAH, Muhamad, Dr.Ir. Slamet Hartono, MSc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ekonomi Pertanian

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan, distribusi pendapatan, dan tingkat kemiskinan rumahtangga tani, serta faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah irigasi Kalibawang yang dibagi kedalam tiga bagian (hulu, tengah, dan hilir). Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling, kemudian pengabilan sampel petani dilakukan dengan teknik klaster dua tahap (Two stages cluster sampling). Kemudian 250 kepala rumahtangga diambil secara acak proporsional (proportional random sampling) dengan tabel random sebagai sampel. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi dan analisis regresi model logit (logistic regression). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat rumahtangga tani miskin di bagian hulu (36,52%), tengah (33,33%), dan hilir (40,48%), dan tingkat kemiskinan yang cukup serius ditunjukkan oleh nilai headcount index lebih dari 30%, poverty gap index (hulu 0,15, tengah 0,17, dan hilir 0,17) dan square poverty gap index masing-masing sebesar 0,09, 0,13, dan 0,10 yang menunjukkan bahwa rumahtangga tani masih membutuhkan tambahan sumberdaya yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa pendapatan rumahtangga tani tidak terdistribusi dengan baik (Indeks Gini = 0,5). Hasil analisis logit menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan, curahan tenaga kerja luar usahatani, kecukupan air irigasi, dan pendapatan usahatani mempunyai probabilitas mengurangi jumlah rumahtangga tani miskin.

The objective of the study is recognize to measure the level of income, income distribution, and chronic rate of poverty, and also factors influencing poverty level. This research conducted in area of irrigation Kalibawang system which is divided into three shares (head, middle, and tail). Determination of research area was done by purposive sampling, then sample respondents or farmers was dialed by applying two stages cluster sampling technique. There were 250 household sample was taken at proportional random sampling referring to the random tables. The data were analyzed by using tables of frequency and logistic regression model (logit). Result of research indicate that there were poor farmer household in head shares (36,52%), middle (33,33%), and tail (40,48%), and chronic rate of the poorness shown by the headcount index at about more than 30%. Meanwhile, poverty gap index at head shares is about 0,15; middle (0,17), and tail (0,17) and square poverty gap index gap at about 0,09, 0,13, and 0,10, respectively, indicating that farmer household is still needed a large amount of resources addition. This research also obtained to recognize that there are inequity in income distribution of farmer household (Gini index = 0,5). Meanwhile, regression analysis with logistic model indicate that size of irrigated area and labor use in non-farm jobs, sufficient water supply for irrigation, and farmer’s income are the main factors that substantially affected in reducing poverty in this area.

Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Pertanian,Irigasi,Kesenjangan Kemiskinan, poverty, income distribution, irrigated area