Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Karika (Carica pubescens) terhadap Hidrofobisitas Bakteri Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (Kajian In Vitro)

Anggita Dian Puspitasari, Prof. drg. Tetiana Haniastuti, M.Kes., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. drg. Juni Handajani, M.Kes., Ph.D

2024 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri Gram positif fakultatif anaerob yang mampu menyebabkan karies gigi. Hidrofobisitas merupakan interaksi yang menghasilkan perlekatan bakteri secara non spesifik pada permukaan gigi. Daun karika (Carica pubescens) mengandung senyawa aktif antibakteri antara lain alkaloid, tanin, fenol, saponin dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun karika terhadap hidrofobisitas S. mutans ATCC 25175.

Daun karika diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan diencerkan menggunakan akuades. Hidrofobisitas S. mutans ATCC 25175 ditentukan dengan metode pengukuran sudut kontak. Suspensi bakteri setara 0,5 McFarland dicampur ekstrak daun karika konsentrasi 1,30%, 2,60%, dan 5,21%, klorheksidin glukonat 0,2% (kontrol positif), NaCl 0,9% (kontrol negatif). Suspensi yang telah dicampur diinkubasi dan didepositkan ke dalam membran filter selulosa asetat selama 24 jam. Membran filter selulosa asetat dikeringkan lalu dilakukan drop-profile analysis dan dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran sudut kontak menggunakan software Image-J. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA Welch dan dilanjutkan uji Post-Hoc Games-Howell.

Hasil uji One-way ANOVA Welch menunjukkan nilai hidrofobisitas yang signifikan antar kelompok (p<0>Games-Howell menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 2,60?n 5,21?ektif dalam menurunkan hidrofobisitas S. mutans ATCC 25175. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun karika mampu menurunkan hidrofobisitas S. mutans ATCC 25175. Ekstrak daun karika konsentrasi 5,21% memiliki efektivitas paling tinggi dalam menurunkan hidrofobisitas S. mutans dibandingkan konsentrasi 1,30?n 2,60%, tetapi masih lebih rendah dibandingkan klorheksidin glukonat 0,1%.

Streptococcus mutans is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that causes dental caries. The hydrophobicity of S. mutans affect its attachment ability to the tooth surface. Karika leaves (Carica pubescens) contain active antibacterial compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins and flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the effect of karika leaf extract on the hydrophobicity of S. mutans ATCC 25175.

Karika leaves were extracted using the maceration method and diluted using distilled water. The hydrophobicity of S. mutans ATCC 25175 was determined by the contact angle measurement method. Bacterial suspension of 0,5 McFarland mixed with  karika leaf extract at concentrations of 1.30%, 2.60% and 5.21%, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (positive control), 0.9% NaCl (negative control). The mixed suspension was incubated and deposited into the cellulose acetate filter membrane for 24 hours. The cellulose acetate filter membrane was dried then drop-profile analysis was carried out and followed by contact angle measurements using Image-J software. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA Welch test and continued with the Post-Hoc Games-Howell test.

The results of the One-Way ANOVA Welch test showed significant hydrophobicity values among groups (p<0>Games-Howell test showed that a concentration of 2.60% and 5.21% were effective in reducing the hydrophobicity of S. mutans ATCC 25175. This research concludes that karika leaf extract can reduce the hydrophobicity of S. mutans ATCC 25175. Karika leaf extract with a concentration of 5.21% has the highest effectiveness in reducing the hydrophobicity of S. mutans compared to concentrations of 1.30% and 2.60%, although its effectiveness is lower than 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate.

Kata Kunci : Streptococcus mutans, ekstrak daun karika, hidrofobisitas, Streptococcus mutans, karika leaf extract, hydrophobicity