Pengaruh Perbedaan Provenan dan Kedudukan Radial terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Manglid (Manglietia glauca Bl.)
Farhan Reza Indi Mulia, Ir. Fanny Hidayati, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM. ; Dedi Setiadi S.TP., M.Sc.
2024 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN
Balai Besar
Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, BPDAS SOP, dan Perum Perhutani telah
melakukan pemuliaan pohon manglid (Manglietia glauca BI) di luar daerah
asalnya. Manglid diupayakan sebagai alternatif bahan baku kayu solid.
Penelitian ini menganalisis sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu manglid dari tiga
provenan dan kedudukan radial yang berbeda serta mengetahui provenan mana yang
baik untuk digunakan. Sampel berasal dari 9 pohon manglid umur 7 tahun dari
Kebun Benih Semai di Temanggung. Penelitian menggunakan desain acak lengkap
faktorial dengan faktor provenan (Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi, dan Sumedang) dan
kedudukan radial (dekat hati, tengah, dan dekat kulit). Pengujian mengacu pada
British Standard 373:1957. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rerata kadar air
basah dan kering udara sebesar 110,86?n 12,42%. Berat jenis
basah, kering udara, dan kering tanur sebesar 0,382; 0,405; dan 0,428. Penyusutan
radial, tangensial, dan longitudinal dari kondisi basah ke kering udara sebesar
1,81%, 13,41%, 0,331% serta
kondisi basah ke kering tanur sebesar 3,66%, 6,69%, 0,72%. Rasio T/R kondisi basah ke kering udara
dan kering tanur sebesar 2,42 dan 1,88. Keteguhan
lengkung statik pada batas proporsi, MoE, dan MoR adalah 268,64 kg/cm2, 56,11 ×103
kg/cm2, dan 507,50 kg/cm2. Nilai rerata keteguhan
tekan sejajar serat dan tegak lurus serat secara berurutan sebesar, 268,17 kg/cm2 dan 137,43
kg/cm2. Hasil statistik menunjukkan perbedaan provenan
berpengaruh pada beberapa sifat, begitu pula dengan kedudukan radial. Dari 3 provenan yang diuji, provenan
yang memiliki sifat fisika dan mekanika terbaik adalah provenan Sukabumi dan
pada kedudukan radial kayu terbaik terdapat di bagian kulit
The Center for Forest Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, BPDAS SOP, and
Perum Perhutani have been breeding manglid trees (Manglietia glauca BI)
outside their native range. Manglid is pursued as an alternative raw material for solid wood This study analyzed
the physical and mechanical properties of manglid wood from three different
provenances and radial positions and clarify which provenance is good for use. Total
of 9 trees
of 7-year-old Manglietia glauca Bl trees from the
Seedling Garden in Temanggung were used. The study used a factorial completely randomized design
with the factors provenance (Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi, and Sumedang) and radial
position (near the heart, middle, and near the bark). The test refers to
British Standard 373:1957. The results showed that the average values of green and air-dried moisture content were 110.86% and 12.42%. The green, air-dried, and oven dry specific gravity were 0.382; 0.405; and 0.428.
Radial, tangential, and longitudinal shrinkage from green to air-dried conditions were 1.81%, 13.41%, 0.331% and green to oven dry conditions were 3.66%, 6.69%, 0.72%. The T/R ratios of
wet to air-dry and kiln-dry conditions were 2.42 and 1.88, respectively. The
static bending strength of stress at proportion limit, MoE, and MoR were 268.64 kg/cm2,
56.11 ×103 kg/cm2, 507.50 kg/cm2. The compressive
strength parallel to the grain and perpendicular to the grain were 268.17 kg/cm2 and 137.43 kg/cm2,
respectively. Statistical results showed that provenance differences affected
several properties, as well as radial position. Of the 3 provenances tested,
the provenance that has the best physical and mechanical properties is the Sukabumi
provenance and in the best radial position of the wood in the bark.
Kata Kunci : Manglietia glauca Bl, sifat fisika, sifat mekanika, provenan, kedudukan radial
